Blood & Blood Vessels
_____ carry blood away from the heart. _____ carry blood back to the heart.
Arteries; Veins
Bleeding that is not visible and can occur inside the body, such as the abdomen or brain.
Internal bleeding
What first aid equipment is used to apply direct pressure?
Sterile dressing/gauze pad
What parts of the body can a tourniquet be used on?
Extremities
Shock results when the body’s vital organs do not get enough of this.
Oxygen
The total amount of blood that is circulating in the body.
Blood Volume
A large amount of bleeding that happens in a short amount of time.
Hemorrhage
Give 2 examples of a situation in which a hemostatic dressing would be used.
- Tourniquet use alone isn't enough
- Tourniquet use isn't possible
True or False: If a person says that the tourniquet is too tight, it is ok to loosen it or take it off.
False
When shock occurs, what happens to a person's heart rate (pulse) and breathing rate?
_____ is the liquid part of blood. _____ is the solid part of blood.
Plasma; Platelets
How does the blood color of arterial bleeding differ from venous bleeding?
Arterial- bright red (oxygen rich)
Venous- dark red (oxygen deficient)
What should you do if blood soaks through the gauze pad you are using to apply direct pressure?
Add another gauze pad on top but NEVER remove the original gauze pad. If blood soaks through the second gauze, replace that one only.
True or False: If using a tourniquet does not successfully stop the bleeding, a second can be applied.
True
Damage to the heart that reduces its ability to pump blood effectively can cause this type of shock.
Cardiogenic shock
What are the 3 major functions of blood?
1. Transportation (of oxygen, nutrients, etc.)
2. Protection (against pathogens)
3. Temperature (regulation)
The process in which platelets collect at the wound site in an effort to stop blood loss.
Clotting
What first aid equipment is used to secure the dressing in place once bleeding is controlled?
How far above a wound should a tourniquet be applied?
2 inches above and on the side closer to the heart
What is the difference between septic, anaphylactic and neurogenic shock?
Septic- infection
Anaphylactic- Allergic reaction
Neurogenic- Brain/spinal cord damage
Blood volume comprises approximately ___ % of a person's total body weight.
7%
Which type of bleeding (arterial, venous or capillary) is easiest to control and why? Which is the most difficult to control and why?
Capillary- easiest (small, oozing)
Arterial- most difficult (spurting, high pressure)
Describe how you should care for a minor wound to prevent infection?
- Apply direct pressure
- Wash with soap and water
- Rinse for 5 min to wash away debris
- Dry with sterile gauze pad or air dry and apply small amount of antibiotic ointment
- Cover with dressing and wrap with roller bandage (or apply an adhesive bandage)
What is the FINAL step in applying a tourniquet?
Record the time!
How should you care for shock?
Long answer- looking for about 75% correct
1. Call 9-1-1
2. Have the person lay down on their back, control any bleeding, cover with a blanket, do not give them anything to eat or drink, ensure airway is clear, keep calm and have them rest, continue to monitor until EMS arrive.