Sensory Development
Which sense is usually the primary source of information about objects for blind infants?
Touch
Which skill usually develops in blind children despite the absence of vision?
Spoken language.
Which motor milestone may be delayed because blind infants cannot see interesting objects to reach for?
Reaching and grasping.
What is the name of specialized support provided to young children with developmental risks?
Early intervention.
What type of study follows the same participants over many years?
A longitudinal study.
What is the name of the sense that helps us know where our body parts are without looking at them?
Proprioception
Which social behavior can be difficult for blind children to learn because they cannot observe it?
Eye contact.
What is the term for independent movement from one place to another?
Locomotion
What parenting characteristic is strongly associated with positive developmental outcomes?
Responsiveness
What term refers to the consistency of a measurement?
Reliability.
Why is active exploration especially important for blind children?
Because they cannot gather information through vision and must learn through touch, movement, and hearing.
What should parents do more often to compensate for the lack of visual information?
Verbally describe people, objects, and events.
Which skill allows a child to understand their position in relation to surrounding objects?
Spatial orientation
Why can overprotective parenting be problematic for blind children?
It may reduce independence and opportunities for exploration.
What term refers to whether a study measures what it claims to measure?
Validity.
Which sensory system helps children maintain balance and understand movement?
The vestibular system.
What term describes a child’s ability to understand another person’s thoughts, feelings, or beliefs?
Theory of Mind.
Why can reduced mobility affect overall development?
Because it limits opportunities for exploration and learning.
What should parents encourage to help develop autonomy and confidence?
Independent exploration and decision-making
Which psychologist proposed that children actively construct knowledge through interaction with the environment?
Jean Piaget
According to ecological theories of development, what is more important than the sensory system itself?
The child’s opportunities to interact with and explore the environment.
Why might blind children have fewer opportunities to learn social conventions naturally?
Because many social behaviors are learned through observation and imitation.
Which developmental process is strengthened when children actively move through and investigate their environment?
Exploratory learning.
Research suggests that developmental outcomes are influenced more by the quality of interactions than by what factor alone?
The severity of visual impairment.
Which psychologist emphasized the importance of social interaction and cultural tools in development?
Lev Vygotsky