Enzymes and Cellular Energy
What type of macromolecule is a protein?
Protein
What does the semipermeable membrane of a cell regulate?
The movement of substances in and out of a cell
Which kind of organism is prokaryotic: a plant, an animal, or a bacterium?
A bacteria
What are the small building blocks that join to form larger biological polymers?
Monomers
What property of water helps stabilize temperatures because water changes temperature slowly?
High Specific Heat
How do enzymes affect the activation energy of a reaction?
They lower activation energy, which increases reaction rate
During diffusion, molecules move from an area of what concentration to what concentration?
High concentration to low concentration
Which organelle contains a eukaryotic cell’s genetic information?
The nucleus.
Which macromolecule provides immediate energy, and which stores genetic information?
Carbohydrates provide immediate energy; nucleic acids store genetic information.
What type of molecules dissolve easily in water?
Other polar molecules
What molecule serves as usable energy for cell processes?
ATP
What is osmosis?
The movement of water from high concentration to low concentration across a semipermeable membrane
Which organelle captures light energy for photosynthesis, and which organelle produces much of the cell’s usable energy?
The chloroplast captures light energy; the mitochondria produces much of the cell’s usable energy.
Which macromolecule is made of amino acid monomers and can build cell parts and act as enzymes?
Proteins
What does the pH scale measure, and what does a pH of 8 indicate?
It measures acids vs pHs
pH of 8 = basic
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Reactants = CO2, Water, and Light Energy
Products = glucose and oxygen
How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion uses a membrane protein; simple diffusion moves directly through the membrane.
A cell has a cell wall, a flagellum, and free-floating DNA. Is it prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic
What is the monomer of each macromolecule: protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, or lipid.
Protein—amino acids
Nucleic acid—nucleotides
Carbohydrate—monosaccharides
Lipid—fatty acids.
What two features of water help explain its important properties for life?
Water is able to form hydrogen bonds
Which stage of cellular respiration uses oxygen and produces the most ATP?
The electron transport chain
A cell has more water inside than outside. If the membrane allows water to pass, which direction will water move overall?
Out of the cell, toward the area with lower water concentration.
Which organelle packages and sorts proteins received from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
The Golgi Apparatus
A sample tests orange with Benedict’s solution, while the other indicators test negative. What does this result suggest?
The sample contains a simple carbohydrate, such as glucose.
A solution turns pH paper orange/yellow and feels slippery. What type of substance is it?
An acid