Resp I/II/III
This U-shaped bone in the neck is a point of attachment for tongue and laryngeal muscles but does not articulate with any other bone.
What is the hyoid bone?
(Lecture 12)
This double-walled sac that encloses the heart has a fibrous outer layer and a serous inner layer.
What is the pericardium?
(Lecture 15)
This type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart.
What is an artery?
(Lecture 16)
The "dub" sound of the heartbeat is caused by the closure of these two valves.
What are the semilunar valves? (Aortic and Pulmonary)
(Lecture 17)
This term describes a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute.
What is tachycardia?
(Lecture 18)
This law states that the pressure of a gas decreases as its volume increases, explaining the mechanics of breathing
What is Boyle's Law?
(Lecture 13)
The left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery are the two main branches of this major heart artery.
What is the left coronary artery?
(Lecture 15)
The tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia are the three layers of a blood vessel wall, also known by this collective term.
What are tunics?
(Lecture 16)
This node, the heart's natural pacemaker, is located in the right atrium.
What is the Sinoatrial (SA) node?
(Lecture 17)
The opposition to blood flow due to friction between blood and vessel walls is known by this term.
What is vascular resistance?
(Lecture 18)
These two types of cells make up the alveolar epithelium; one is squamous for gas exchange, the other is cuboidal and secretes surfactant.
What are Type I and Type II pneumocytes?
(Lectures 12 & 13)
This structure, formed from four fused rings of dense connective tissue, provides attachment for heart valves and acts as an electrical insulator.
What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
(Lecture 15)
This type of capillary, found in the liver and bone marrow, has large fenestrations and a discontinuous basement membrane.
What is a discontinuous or sinusoidal capillary?
(Lecture 16)
The long refractory period in cardiac muscle, which prevents tetanus, is due to the plateau phase caused by the slow inflow of this ion.
What is calcium (Ca²⁺)?
(Lecture 17
According to Starling's Law of the Capillaries, fluid reabsorption at the venous end is primarily driven by this pressure, created by plasma proteins.
What is blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)?
(Lecture 18)
A rightward shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, caused by increased CO2, acidity, or temperature, goes by this name.
What is the Bohr Effect?
(Lecture 14)
The artery that supplies the distal part of the large intestine, including the descending and sigmoid colon, is this branch of the abdominal aorta.
What is the Inferior Mesenteric Artery?
(Lecture 15)
Unlike arteries, veins of this size (diameter up to 10mm) have a tunica adventitia that is the thickest of the three layers.
What are medium veins?
(Lecture 16)
Ventricular repolarization is represented by this wave on an ECG.
What is the T wave?
(Lecture 17)
This hormone, released by the atria of the heart in response to stretching, promotes vasodilation and loss of salt and water to lower blood pressure.
What is Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)?
(Lecture 18)
This lung capacity, which cannot be measured by a standard spirometer, is the sum of the Residual Volume and Expiratory Reserve Volume.
What is the Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?
(Lecture 14)
The anterior cardiac veins are unique because they drain deoxygenated blood directly into this chamber, bypassing the coronary sinus.
What is the right atrium?
(Lecture 15)
These specialized postcapillary venules in lymph nodes, lined with cuboidal endothelial cells, are the primary site for lymphocyte migration from the blood.
What are High Endothelial Venules (HEVs)?
This term describes the period in the cardiac cycle when all four heart valves are closed and ventricular blood volume remains constant.
What is the isovolumetric period/phase? (Can be contraction or relaxation)
(Lecture 17)
The "skeletal muscle pump" and "respiratory pump" are two mechanisms that assist with this, the return of blood to the heart through the veins.
What is venous return?
(Lecture 18)