Repro Endocrine
To initiate labor induction, the obstetrician injects the patient with this hormone that is endogenously made in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.
What is oxytocin?
Region of adrenal gland responsible for secretion of enzyme elevate in Cushing syndrome
zona fasciculata
Binding of Ca to the calcium-sensing receptor has what effect on serum PTH levels?
decreases PTH secretion & serum concentration
Microdeletion responsible for mutated/absent TBX1 protein
22q11.2
Pt develops pneumonia 12 hours after hospital admission. Which category (HAP or CAP) of pneumonia is most likely?
CAP bc HAP is after 48 hrs
Name the 3 AP hormones with same alpha subunit as hCG
TSH, FSH, LH
MOA of anesthesia adjunct given to prevent aspiration during surgery
Glycopyrrolate: muscarinic (M3 > M1, M2) receptor antagonist in smooth muscle, secretory glands, CNS - anticholinergic
This prophylactic procedure is recommended in MEN2B
thyroidectomy bc nearly 100% lifetime risk of developing medullary thyroid carcinoma
Presence of this gene allows for expression of self-antigens from the entire body in the thymus medulla
AIRE
Most common microbe that causes CAP
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Testes secretion of this hormone induces Müllerian duct degeneration
MIF/AMH
Enzyme responsible for rate-limiting step in cortisol synthesis
cholesterol desmolase
Signaling pathway of hormone increased in primary hypothyroidism
TSH uses Gs/AC/cAMP
B cell expression of this protein is required for class switching
CD40 (binds CD40L on Th)
G- bacilli commonly implicated in HAP
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Others: E. coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Enterobacter spp
A 16-year-old girl presents with primary amenorrhea. On exam, you note that she is short and has a shield chest. You order abdominal imaging, which suggests the presence of streak gonads. What is her karyotype?
45, XO
Pt presents w/ history of resistant hypertension and complains of fluctuating spells of sweating, heart palpitations, and HA. Presence of what in his urine confirms your diagnosis?
metanephrine, normetanephrine
Unregulated growth of this cell type of the AP results in GnRH suppression through negative feedback
lactotrophs
The drug tacrolimus exerts its immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting what enzyme?
calcineurin
Ribosomal subunit targeted for preferred empiric CAP treatment
Macrolides - binds 50S
Physical examination of 32 yo female, who is having trouble conceiving, is notable for facial hair above her superior lip and velvety, greyish thickened hyperpigmented skin in the posterior neck. What condition is proposed to be responsible for her condition?
Hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome
Low dose dexamethasone suppression test results in no change to cortisol levels, but high dose testing does reduce serum cortisol. What is your dx?
Cushing disease - pituitary adenoma
Propylthiouracil (PTU) can be used to reduce the synthesis of thyroid hormones in hyperthyroidism because it inhibits oxidation of
A. Triiodothyronine (T3) / B. Thyroxine (T4) / C. Diiodotyrosine (DIT)/ D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) / E. Iodide (I–)
E. Iodide (I–) must be oxidized to I2, which is accomplished by TPO
What is the embryologic origin of the structure whose absence results in seizures in DiGeorge patients?
3rd (inf parathyroids) & 4th (sup parathyroids) pharyngeal pouches (endoderm) --> hypocalcemia
On physical exam, pt is diffusely flushed from face to legs. This may have been a reaction to which medication used to empirically treat HAP in a patient w/ increased risk of MRSA?
vancomycin