Neck
What aa that branches off the subclavian a merges are the midbrain to form the basilar a.
vertebral a.
What mm are responsible for helping you smile?
zygomaticus minor/major
This bony landmark forms the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa and serves as an insertion point for several muscles of mastication
ramus of the mandible (medial aspect)
Name the branches that come off the ECA from inferior to superior?
superficial temporal, maxillary, posterior auricular, occipital, facial, lingual, ascending pharyngeal, superior thyroid (superior laryngeal)
What is the function of the false vocal folds?
protective in function, prevents aspiration of food/drink
What mm are innervated by the ansa cervicalis?
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid (all infrahyoid mm except thyrohyoid)
What terminal branch of the facial n innervates the orbicularis oculi
zygomatic branches
This nerve, a branch of CN V3, loops around the middle meningeal a. before traveling posterior to the TMJ to provide sensory innervation to the ear and temple
auriculotemporal n.
What are the aa coming off the subclavian a from medial to lateral?
vertebral, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk, dorsal scapular a
Name the function and CN innervation of the tensor veli palatini m.
Function: elevate and tense the soft palate
Innervation: CN V3
What is the potential space b/t buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia named and why is it significant?
retropharyngeal space; allows infection from pharynx to spread to the superior mediastinum
What 2 mm of mastication are innervated by direct branches off of V3?
medial and lateral pterygoid mm
Explain the functional significance of the division of the the TMJ into upper and lower compartments by the articular disc
upper compartment: protraction/retraction (translations), lower compartment allows elevation/depression (rotation)
A rupture of an artery in the Circle of Willis that produces a sudden headaches is called what and can lead to what medical emergency?
subarachnoid hemorrhage causing a hemorrhagic stroke
A unilateral lesion to what nerve will cause unilateral vocal cord palsy, weakness of pharyngeal constrictor mm, and ipsilateral paralysis of the soft palate?
Vagus n/ CN X
What are the 6 things in the submandibular triangle deep to the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid?
facial a/v, n to mylohyoid, hypoglossal n, lingual a/v
What mm of mastication are responsible for elevation of the mandible (3)
masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis
This small opening in the medial wall of the ITF leads into the pterygopalatine fossa, serving as the gateway for the maxillary a. to enter that space
pterygomaxillary fissure
What 4 aa make up the posterior supply to the brain
vertebral a, basilar a, posterior cerebral a, PCOM
Name the afferent and efferent limbs of the gag reflex
Afferent limb is CN IX, efferent limb is CN X
What is the syndrome caused by compression of the cervical sympathetic trunk and what are the 3 key symptoms
Horner's syndrome
miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis
Explain the 2 limbs of the corneal reflex including the innervation and involved mm
CN V sensory from cornea, CN VII motor to orbicularis oculi m
Which autonomic pathway uses a branch of CN IX to provide secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland, and where does this pathway synapse?
lesser petrosal nerve (CN IX) carries preganglionic parasympathetics to the otic ganglion, where they synapse
What a (include specific part) supplies the nasal cavity, palate, and pterygopalatine fossa via its branches?
pterygopalatine part of the maxillary a.
Describe the process of deglutition (4 main steps)
Bolus of food is squeezed to the back of the mouth by pushing the tongue against the palate.
Nasopharynx is sealed off and larynx is elevated, enlarging the pharynx to receive food. Pharyngeal sphincters contract sequentially, squeezing the food into the esophagus. The epiglottis deflects the bolus from the larynx and trachea. The bolus of food moves down the esophagus via peristaltic contraction