Trauma
Chest/Abd Traumatic Injuries
Trauma Assessment
Trauma Random
Extra Random
100
What is significant blood loss?
20% blood loss or approximately 1 L in an adult patient
100
What is commotio cordis? How do we treat this?
Commotio cordis is sudden cardiac arrest following blunt traumatic injury to the chest during the upslope of the T wave in the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are refilling with blood
This patient needs early defibrillation (CPR & AED)
100
What is the rapid head to toe assessment in trauma?
An assessment of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, upper/lower extremities, and back in a quick methodical manner assessing for DCAPBTLSICS
100
Even pts experiencing minor head trauma, expect brain injury if taking...
Blood thinners
100
What areas of the body is the skin the thickest?
Palms of hands, soles of feet, scalp
200
What are characteristics of a third-degree burn?
Skin may be black/charred, white, or red with leathery appearance, may not feel pain due to burned nerve endings, loss of hair follicles
200
What is the mediastinum?
Area including the heart, large blood vessels, trachea, and esophagus (NOT LUNGS)
200
What does DCAPBTLSICS stand for?
Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Punctures
Penetrations
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling
Instability
Crepitus
Secretions
200
Rollover MVA with crushed roof, patient has numbness tingling extremities. What kind of injuries would you suspect?
Head injury, spinal injury.
200
A ___ type of injury can occur when significant force cuts off arterial blood supply to an injury for an extended period of time causing delayed PMSCs or significant pain, swelling, numbness/tingling to an extremity
Crush injury
Compartment syndrome if greater than 4 hours
300
If you have a patient that became pulseless, apneic, and unresponsive after a lightning strike what should you do?
Begin CPR and apply AED
300
What are some s/sx of a chest injury following a traumatic mechanism
Subcutaneous emphysema, open pneumothorax, diminished lung sounds, chest tightness or pain, flail segments, disarticulation of the ribs & sternum, coughing up blood, bruising of chest wall, unequal expansion of the chest wall, crepitus on palpation of the chest wall, jugular vein distension
300
What do you do for the abdominal assessment and What is the acronym for the abdominal assessment?
Palpate all 4 quadrants and assess for DRGERM: Distension, Rigidity, Guarding, Evisceration, Rebound Tenderness, Pulsating Masses
300
What injuries happen to the brain during rapid deceleration (Coup-Counter Coup)?
Compression/bruising to anterior, tearing/stretching to posterior.
300
High humidity reduces body's ability to lose heat by...
Evaporation.
400
How should you assess musculoskeletal injuries?
Assess for DCAPBTLSICS, PMSCs, off-put pressure, and assess 6 Ps: Pain, paresthesia, paralysis, pulselessness, pallor, poikilothermia
400
If pressure waves emanate from a bullet causiung damage to its path what do we call that? if its pressure waves include damage to the right upper abdominal organs what organs would be affected?
Cavitation
Liver, gallbladder
400
What do you assess for on the chest?
DCAPBTLSICS
Palpate anterior and lateral
Check for sucking chest wound, subcutaneous emphysema, flail segments, sternum stability
Auscultate lungs and heart tones
400
Common physical exam findings indicating skull fracture?
Bruising of mastoid process or around eyes, skull deformity, CSF leakage
400
At what point does a fall be considered a significant height
3 or more times the patients height (20ft + for an adult or 10ft + for a child)
500
In a patient with a suspected head injury how can we help reduce intracranial pressure?
lie them supine & Elevate the head to 30 degrees
500
What is Becks Triade and when do we find signs of Becks Triade include:
JVD, Muffled Heart Tones, Narrowing Pulse Pressure
Occurs following blunt force trauma to the chest with Cardiac Tamponade (obstructive shock)
500
What do you assess for in the Pelvis? What does the presence of those things indicate?
Stability, PIG: priapism , incontinence, genital bleeding (Potential Neurogenic shock/brainstem/spinal cord injury)
500
What is Cushings Triad, what does it mean, and what can cause it?
high BP/Low HR/irregular resp, brain herniation, ruptured cerebral artery (medical) (or TBI : Subdural/Epidural/intracerebral hematoma etc..)
Increased Intracranial Pressure
500
At what temperature does the body stop shivering?
During moderate hypothermia Between 86-90 degrees Fahrenheit