Antibiotics
Which antibiotic family that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis is almost entirely bactericidal?
Aminglycosides
What type of channels speed up the transmembrane transfer of water?
Bonus: What part of the aquaporin prevents the crossing of H3O+?
Aquaporins
Bonus: There are positive charges within the aquaporin channel that repel the H3O+
What is the most common humoral immunodeficiency?
Selective IgA deficiency
What type of cancer contributes the highest percentage of cancer deaths across both men and women?
Lung and Bronchus Cancer
How many eggs, per day, should a person at risk of cardiovascular disease be allowed to eat?
One egg per day
Which specific antibiotic may cause a reddish / orange coloration of body fluids?
Bonus: what is this medication typically used for? Either of two answers accepted.
Rifampin
Bonus: It is a first line treatment for Tuberculosis
It is also used for N. Meningitidis prophylaxis.
Is the sodium/potassium pump a symporter or an antiporter?
Is the sodium/glucose linked transporter a symporter or antiporter?
1. Antiporter
2. Symporter
What treatment is required for Transient Hypogam of Infancy?
None!
At most, observation of igG levels
Which of the following characteristics affects clinical tumor stage?
a. Size
b. Mitotic rate
c. Degree of differentiation
d. Histologic type
e. Grade
A. Size
What medication acts as an antagonist to Vitamin K?
Warfarin
Name the fully synthetic, narrow spectrum antibiotic family that inhibits protein synthesis.
Oxazolidinones
A high concentration of what molecule can cause the K+ leak channels to close in pancreatic Beta cells?
ATP
What is the most severe humoral immunodeficiency where the patient has a low total IgG and EITHER a low IgM OR a low IgA?
What is one common associated disease or type that often comes with this?
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
Cancer, Autoimmune diseases, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, and Bronchiectasis
Name the 4 biological properties of Neoplasia.
Differentiation
Rate of growth
Invasiveness
metastasis
What is C-Reactive Protein a marker of?
Inflammation
What two drug / drug families are used synergistically as Bactrim to inhibit the bacterial synthesis of folic acid?
Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim
1. Is there a higher concentration of Na+ inside or outside of the cell?
2. Is there a higher concentration of K+ inside or outside of the cell?
1. Outside
2. Inside
There are 4 phenotypes of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, all of which share one characteristic.
Name what they all have in common.
A distinct lack of T cells
Name 2 of the 3 proteolytic enzymes secreted by tumors to invade the extracellular matrix.
Plasminogen Activator
Cathepsin D
Metalloproteinases
Name the three stages of bacterial biofilm formation.
Cell-surface attachment
Cell-cell attachment
Dispersion
What would be a bad choice of a secondary antibiotic to an already prescribed Beta-Lactam?
Why is this a bad choice?
Tetracycline, or pretty much any other bacteriostatic antibiotic.
Beta-Lactams require bacterial growth to be effective. A bacteriostatic antibiotic in conjunction with one of these would completely negate the activity of the Beta-lactam.
What is the normal function of ABC-type transporter in intestinal epithelial cells, liver, kidney and capillary endothelial cells?
To pump xenobiotics out of the body.
Terminal Compliment Deficiency affects C5-C9 and causes a disruption in a particular complex that helps defend against pathogens.
Name that complex.
Bonus: C3 Deficiency is another compliment deficiency, and patients with this are susceptible to infection of a particular type of bacteria. What is it?
Membrane Attack Complex
Bonus: Encapsulated Bacteria
Name the malignancies associated with each of the following serum tumor markers:
– Alpha fetoprotein:
– Carcinoembryonic antigen:
– Prostate specific antigen:
– Alpha fetoprotein: Liver Cancer
– Carcinoembryonic antigen: Colon Cancer
– Prostate specific antigen: Prostate Cancer
Give me the 5 main groups of branches of the facial nerve that branch as part of the parotid plexus, in order from superior to inferior.
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical