IIPs
These lung sounds are typically associated with pulmonary fibrosis.
What are velcro-like crackles?
This antimetabolite inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, thereby decreasing DNA and protein synthesis.
What is methotrexate?
This type of immune response involves the activation of helper T-cells and is essential for the formation of granulomas in chronic infections.
What is a cell-mediated immune response?
A patient with interstitial lung disease has a decreased total lung capacity but a normal FEV1/FVC ration, suggesting this type of pulmonary disorder.
What is a restrictive lung disease?
This blood gas measurement reflects the effectiveness of alveolar ventilation and can be abnormal in conditions like COPD.
What is PaCO2?
List the ABC's of interpreting a CXR.
What is Airway, Bones, Cardiac silhouette, Diaphragm, Edges, Fields, Gastric bubble, Hilum, and Instrumentation?
This is the drug class that infliximab belongs to.
What is TNF-alpha antagonists?
In granulomatous inflammation, these cells are responsible for forming the core of the granuloma.
What are multinucleated giant cells?
The increased work of breathing due to decreased lung expansion and impaired gas exchange in IPF leads to a reduction in this.
What is lung compliance?
When this lab value is elevated, it can be suggestive of an increased likelihood of thrombus formation and therefore a PE.
What is D-dimer?
Organize these statements to explain the pathophysiology of IPF:
a. Irreversible fibrosis and eventual respiratory failure
b. Excessive collagen deposition
c. Repeated epithelial cell injury
d. Alveolar collapse and honeycombing
e. Fibroblast proliferation
c. Repeated epithelial cell injury -> e. Fibroblast proliferation -> b. Excessive collagen deposition -> d. Alveolar collapse and honeycombing -> a. Irreversible fibrosis and eventual respiratory failure
This 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor is indicated for the treatment of chronic asthma.
What is zileuton?
This cytokine, produced by macrophages, is crucial for the differentiation of T cells and the maintenance of granulomas in diseases such as tuberculosis.
What is interferon-gamma?
This syndrome is characterized by pneumoconiosis in combination with rheumatoid arthritis.
What is Caplan syndrome?
This lab test measures the capacity of the lungs to transfer gas from inhaled air to the bloodstream and is often reduced in interstitial lung diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
What is diffusing capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO)?
Mason bodies are histologically characteristics of this idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.
What is cryptogenic organizing pneumonia?
Patients on this drug should be regularly checked for retinal damage.
What is hydroxychloroquine?
The hypersensitivity reaction that involves the formation of granulomas is classified as this type of hypersensitivity.
What is type IV hypersensitivity?
A BMPR2 mutation would lead to a diagnosis in this WHO category of pulmonary hypertensive disorders.
What is Group 1 PH (PAH)?
This measurement, obtained through a right heart catheterization, is used to estimate left atrial pressure and can help diagnose conditions like heart failure and mitral valve disease.
What is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure?
This term describes the specific radiological finding in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis that involves reticular opacities and honeycombing, particularly affecting the lower lung zones.
What is a UIP (Usual Interstitial Pneumonia) pattern?
This is the MOA of drugs that end in "-lukast".
What is LTD4 receptor antagonism?
This disease is characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in the lungs and is commonly associated with elevated serum ACE levels.
What is sarcoidosis?
Describe the pathophysiology of a pulmonary hemorrhage in a patient with Goodpasture's syndrome.
In the evaluation of restrictive lung disease, this lab test may be ordered to assess for autoimmune etiology.
What is antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)?