Fuzzy little guys
F- clumping secondary to collection
What test needs to be preformed to distinguish rouleaux to agglutination
Saline dispersion test
Hypochromic cells cause what to happen to the MCHC and CHCM value on a CBC
Decrease x2
proper name for target cells are?
Codocytes
what is the most common cause for RBC that have lost most of the cytoplasmic content through defects or pores in their membranes?
A- Parasites
B- physical trauma
c- IMHA
C
What are 3 ways you can minimize platelet clumping?
-Good restraint
-clean sticks in large velleles
-collect directly into tube containing EDTA and immediately mixing sample
What of the flowing is not an example of a cause for inappropriate rubricytosis
A- bone marrow damage
B- no splenic contractions
C- Splenectomy
D- lead poisoning
B- splenic contractions
Ghost cells are usually indicative of ___
immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
What of the following cells have a pale crescent resulting from oxidation?
A- Pyknocytes
B- Codocytes
C- Eccentrocytes
C-Eccentrocytes- AKA bite cell-Oxidation fuses cell membranes internally; Hgb pushed eccentrically and fused membrane appears as pale crescen
If grape clusters are present in your RBC data. What information is erroneous? Select all
A- Hct
B- MCV
C-Alb
D- PVC
A.B
T/F- An essential step in clotting is vWF binding to endothelial cells
explain what mucosal bleeding is a typical clinical findings of thrombocytopenia?
F- binds to subendothelial matrix (damage). Unwanted clotting happens if attached to endothelial cells
Wear and tear, movement and injuries cause tiny lesions in the endothelium. And platelet plugs will clog these tears. But if you don't have enough platelets bleeding occurs -petechiation, melena, epistaxis
RBC is decreased volume are _____ and increased volume _____
Microcytes are common with a ______ deficiency
microcytes, macrocytes
Iron
What do increased polychromatophils do to MCV values?
T/F- all reticulocytes are polychromatophils but not all polychromatophils are reticulocytes.
Increase
F-All polychromatophils are reticulocytes; not all reticulocytes are polychromatophils (too little RNA to detect a color change)
_______ are small, dense and irregular.
Echinocytes (RBC W/ many regular projections) are a?
A- sign of toxin
B- sign of trauma
C- sign of oxidation
D- artifact
Pyknocyte
D-artifact-alkaline glass, osmotic shrinkage
what is rubricytosis?
What is RWD often increased in regenerative anemia?
A- Because the normal sized RBCs are mixed
with a population of smaller (microcytic) cells.
B- Because the normal sized RBCs are mixed
with a population of larger (macrocytic) reticulocytes.
increased concentration of nRBC
B (A - is referring to Fe deficiency anemia)
Describe platelet destruction-
What are two causes for decreased platelet production?
What is the first step to determining the cause of thrombocytopenia?
Macrophages inappropriately phagocytizing platelets- immune mediated thrombocytopenia
Drug, immune, infections, marrow replacement
First rule out pseudothrombocytopenia
T/F- on a blood smear if there is any anisocytosis you can always suspect irregular RBC production
T/F- Macrocytes on a blood smear always mean regeneration
F- anisocytosis can be normal in an healthy animal. Only a concern when it is above the normal interval.
F- macrocytes can be see with abnormal erythropoiesis- FeLV
Basophilic stippling is common in what types on anemias?
Siderocytes are aggerates containing?
A- DNA
B- RNA
C- Iron
D- due physical trauma to cell
What may develop do to oxidant changes?
A- Howell-Jolly Bodies
B- Heinze Bodies
C- Siderocytes
Regenerative
C
B
T/F- spherocytes are common with IMHA due to the loss of membrane via macrophages
_______ known as helmet cells-often occur because of physical trauma
T
Keratocytes
What is a common cause of RBCs with diffuse small blue dots?
What species has Heinz bodies in health?
A- Horses
B- Pigs
C- Cats
D- Ferrets
Increased erythropoiesis as part of a
regenerative response.
C- cats
Interpret the information below:
History: Petechiae, melena, bruising, on pred for 2 weeks
CBC/leukogram sig findings-
Protein- normal
Bil- normal
regenerative anemia
Platelets level- severely low Thrombocytopenia
WBC- (seg. mono.- extremely high ) (lymph- low, mild)
Describe the Leukogram:
The pattern of the leukogram suggest?
What is the cause for the regenerative-anemia?
What is the cause of the thrombocytopenia?
Describe the Leukogram: mature neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia
The pattern of the leukogram suggest? GC response (pred)
What is the cause for the regenerative-anemia? blood loss
What is the cause of the thrombocytopenia? Increased destruction
Describe the difference between Appropriate and Inappropriate Rubricytosis
Appropriate:-Polychromasia- secondary to bone marrow production response to epo
Inappropriate:-no polychromasia, not due to bone marrow response to epo, not indicative of regeneration
Fill in the blanks
Word bank: Mycoplasma spp. Babesia spp. Anaplasma marginale
1-________ _________ is a bacteria seen as blue dots inside the margins of RBCs. This bacteria can cause severe hemolytic anemia
2- _____ _______ is seen in Michigan. It is spread by a blood tick protozoon. Can cause severe hemolytic anemia
3- _______ _______ can be confused with stain participate. It is found in many species. This extracellular bacterium falls off in vitro so it needs to be smeared ASAP
Anaplasma marginale
Babesia spp.
Mycoplasma spp.
Lavender top tubes contain _____ which is an anticoagulant.
Used for plasma chemistries; blood gas analysis, antibody screening
A-Red/Black tiger
B- Green top
C- purple
D- light blue
What tube is used for serum chemistries?
EDTA
B
Red top
What bacteria infects RBCs but lives on the surface of the RBC?
What are the 2 different names for RBC fragments?
Mycoplasma
Schizocytes or schistocytes