Components of Blood
What % of the blood is plasma, and what % of the blood is the formed portion?
The difference in temperature from the skin and the external environment is called the?
Heat Gradient
What % of the formed portion of blood, do RBC's make up?
RBC's make up 44% of the 45% of formed portion of blood.
Roughly 1% but it can double when the body is fighting an infection.
What are platelets?
What are the three components of the formed portion of blood?
White Blood Cells
Platelets
Explain the result of vasoconstriction on heat regulation, AND what other body response is helping to preserve body heat?
Vessels constrict to preserve heat by reducing the amount of blood flowing at the surface of the skin.
At the same time, waves of muscular contraction (shivering) increases the production of heat by cellular respiration in the muscles.
How long do RBC's last for?
About 120 days.
What is the primary purpose of WBC's?
Immune response, response to infection
What is the primary function of platelets?
Clotting blood due to injury
Which dissolved gas is primarily transported via the plasma?
Carbon Dioxide
Explain the result of vasodilation on heat regulation, AND what other body response is helping to release excess body heat?
Vessels dilate to increase the amount of blood flowing at the surface of the skin.
At the same time, sweat releases excess heat via the evaporation of water at the sweat pores on the skin surface.
What is the name of the oxygen carrying molecule in RBC's, and approximately how many of them are found in each RBC?
Hemoglobin - approx. 280 million per RBC.
Granulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Injury to a blood vessel leads to substances released by the broken blood vessel that attract platelets to the site.
Then, the collecting platelets rupture and release chemicals that combine with other blood components to produce an enzyme called thromboplastin.
What happens next?
How does CO2 get transported in the plasma?
CO2 dissolves into the water portion of the blood and forms carbonic acid inside the RBC. Then it diffuses out of the red blood cell and into the plasma as bicarbonate ions that are carried to the lung for gas exchange.
Explain what is meant by the statement: Blood flow through a capillary bed is not necessarily constant.
Give one example of when this would be beneficial in the body.
If the cells beside a particular capillary bed do not need to be serviced, blood can be shunted from the artery to the vein, bypassing a capillary completely through the action of sphincters that tighten and close the opening to the capillary.
Ex: during digestion, the capillary beds of the skeletal muscles are closed off and blood is redirected to the digestive system to focus on digestion (ex: absorbing nutrients) which helps speed digestion (but can unfortunately make exercise right after eating more difficult)
What is the name of the condition caused by someone who has too few RBC's or too few hemoglobin, and what are two common symptoms of this condition?
Anemia
Fatigue, pale skin, exhaustion,
Lymphocytes
When thrombin is present, it will react with _____________ to form fibrin
When thrombin is present, it will react with fibrinogen to form fibrin
What 7 things are found in plasma?
Water
Diffused gas
Proteins
Sugars
Vitamins
Minerals
Hormones
Wastes
The direction of diffusion in and out of a capillary is determined by: ____________
and what is the name of the fluid that all material must pass through first when moving into the tissues from blood or out of tissues into blood?
The direction of diffusion in and out of a capillary is determined by the concentration gradient of the material being transported.
The name of the fluid that all material must pass through first when moving into tissues from blood or out of tissues into blood is called interstitial fluid.
Hemophilia
All blood cells are formed in the:
Red bone marrow
What is fibrin?
Fibrin is an insoluble material that forms a mesh of strands around the injured area to trap escaping blood cells and form a clot.