Circulatory System
What is one general function of the circulatory system?
Transport nutrients, waste, exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), help regulate body temperature, contains immune cells
Connective
Name and briefly describe ONE of the three main stages of hemostasis.
1.Vascular spasm: constriction of blood vessels to
reduce blood flow. 2.Platelet plug formation: sealing of the ruptured blood vessel. 3.Coagulation: formation of a blood clot
What is an antigen?
Nonself protein, foreign to the body - surface proteins on RBCs and on pathogens.
What is one type of blood infection?
Mononucleosis (viral), Septicemia (bacterial)
The circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels, and _______.
The heart
Blood is made up of formed elements (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) and _______.
_____ stick together and seal a ruptured vessel, like a plug.
Platelets
What is an antibody?
A defensive protein made by the body, directed against specific antigens.
In leukemia, what type of blood cell is cancerous?
White blood cells
Blood carries ______ to every cell, and ______ to the lungs for removal.
Oxygen; carbon dioxide
There are three main types of plasma proteins in blood. Name one of them AND its function.
Albumins (osmotic balance), globulins (antibodies, binds to cholesterol), and clotting proteins (blood clotting).
_______ is a type of clotting / bleeding disorder where the individual lacks one or more clotting proteins.
Hemophilia
If an individual has anti-A and anti-B antibodies, what major blood type group would they belong to?
Type O
What is one potential cause of anemia?
Iron-deficiency, major blood loss, Vitamin B12 deficiency, destruction of red blood cells, renal failure
Name one other organ system that works with the circulatory system.
Digestive system (deliver nutrients), urinary system (transport waste), respiratory system (gas exchange).
ALL blood cells originate from what? Where is it located?
Hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow
Mass of platelets, trapped RBCs and _______ forms blood clot.
fibrin
What blood type is the universal recipient and WHY? (HINT: include both blood type and Rh group)
AB+ can receive A, B, AB, and O blood types, as well as Rh+ and Rh-. They have NO plasma antibodies.
The disorder that results in a reduction in platelet number from viral infection, anemia, leukemia, exposure to radiation, etc. is called what?
Thrombocytopenia
What is one type of specific immune cell that is present in the blood?
Neutrophil, monocyte (macrophage), eosinophil, lymphocyte (B and T cells), basophil
What is one factor that affects hemoglobin binding to oxygen?
Concentration (high oxygen in lungs increases binding, low oxygen in tissues increases release) and pH (lung neutral pH promotes binding, tissue acidic pH promtoes release).
Name and briefly describe the 3 main steps of a blood clot forming. (HINT: starts with platelets releasing an activator...)
1.Platelets release prothrombin activator 2.Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin (active enzyme) 3.Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin (insoluble fibers)
Why is Rh factor important in pregnancy?
If the father is Rh+ and the mother is Rh-: the mother may produce anti-Rh antibodies that cross placenta and damage fetal red blood cells. This may cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (if the newborn is Rh+)
WILD CARD!
Specialized cells in the kidney release the hormone ________ to stimulate stem cells in bone marrow to increase red blood cell production.
Erythropoietin (EPO)