Needle little help
Why is the "Order of Draw" important when collecting a blood sample?
Certain specimen tubes contain additives relevant for the processing of results, following the order of the draw avoids cross contamination of additives.
What role does Sodium play in the body? List two interventions for hyponatremia
Sodium= maintains osmotic pressure, water balance, acid base balance and assists with transmission of nerve impulses
Interventions for hyponatureamia
SFBC, FR, Daily weights, daily bloods
When is the ideal time to collect a blood culture sample?
Prior to commencement of IVABs
List 2 causes and 3 Signs and Symptoms of Low Hb
Causes: Anaemia, dehydration, GI Bleed, cancer, CKD, cirrhosis
S+S: Weakness, fatigue, SOB, cyanosis, Pale skin, irregular HR
Best practice is to take blood cultures from the IVC
FALSE
Where is a tourniquet placed when collecting a blood sample and how long can it be applied for?
Apply 4-5 Fingers above intended site
Not to be applied for longer than 60 seconds
What electrolyte is responsible for controlling water balance, maintaining regular heart rate and promoting movement of nutrients into cells and excretion of waste
HINT: High serum levels of this electrolyte is a medical emergency and can cause cardiac arrest
POTASSIUM
How many mls does culture each bottle require?
8-10mls
What is 'eGFR' and its function?
eGFR= Glomerular filtration rate. This is the rate at which your kidneys filter blood, specifically how effectively the glomeruli remove waste products
The normal level for CRP <5mg/L
TRUE
List 2 suitable Phlebotomy sites
List 3 Serum levels assessed on a basic U&E metabolic panel
creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, CO2, Blood urea Nitrogen
What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic?
Aerobic bacteria= bacteria that requires oxygen to survive and grow
Anaerobic bacteria= bacteria that does not require oxygen
What causes What is Creatinine and what can causes this to be elevated?
Creatinine is a waste product produced by the muscles that is excreted by the Kidneys. It can indicate kidney function. High Creatinine can be causes by dehydration, disease and kidney damage
Oedema and HTN are symptoms of low eGFR
TRUE
List 5 sites to avoid when collecting blood samples
1. Fistulas or PICCS
2. Veins that are phlebitic, thrombosed or sclerosed
3. Arms affected by surgery, trauma, oedema, blood cots, paralysis or infection
4. Inside of wrist
5. Hand and arms on the side of a mastectomy
6. Areas of scarring
7. Limb with a current IV infusion
What is the name for the mechanism found in cells walls that transports sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane?
Sodium Potassium Channel {Pump
What is the order of collection for Blood Cultures and why?
Blue top first (aerobic) as this allows any air present in the tubing to be drawn into the bottle, allowing aerobic organisms to grow if present. This also decreases the risk of oxygen entering the anaerobic bottle (purple top)
What does INR measure?
Measure the amount of time for clot formation via the extrinsic pathway and the therapeutic effect of Warfarin and Heparin
Albumin is a produced in the liver
TRUE
What intervention(s) are required if there is an arterial puncture?
-removed needle
-apply pressure for 5-10 mins
-elevate limb
-Document incident in patient notes
-Complete DATIX CIMS
List 3 signs and symptoms of hypomagnesaemia
Muscle weakness, tremors, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, GCS changes
As per the WACHS Adult Sepsis Pathway, if a patient meets sepsis criteria they require 2 sets from 2 different sites are required. Why?
-Increased sensitivity= helps detects pathogens that may be present in low concentrations or intermittently in the bloodstream
-Reduced contamination
-Improved diagnostic accuracy
-Optimal sample volume
Guess the riddle, what condition is this that can be tested through a FBC?
"Fewer fighters in my blood,
Infection risk begins to bud.
White cells low, that's the key,
What is this called, can you tell me?"
Neutropenia
Lactate is a specific marker of cardiac muscle damage
FALSE
Lactate is a nonspecific marker of severity in acutely ill patients