What fluid is contraindicated when taking Ferrous Sulfate?
A. Apple Juice
B. Orange Juice
C. Milk
D. Grape Juice
C. Milk
Rationale: Interferes with absorption of Ferrous Sulfate.
Liver, dried fruits, dry beans, whole grains bread and leafy green vegetables are sources of what?
A. Calcium
B. Vitamin C
C. Iron
D. Vitamin D
C. Iron
How is Leukemia diagnosed?
A. Blood Draw
B. Bone Marrow
C. CT w/ Contrast
D. PET Scan
Bone Marrow
What should liquid Iron be taken with to avoid mouth discoloration?
A. Cup
B. Milk
C. Juice
D. Straw
D. Straw
Rationale: Allows you to get the medication past your teeth to prevent staining and discoloration.
Sickle cell disease is more common in which ethnicity?
A. Asian
B. African American
C. Native American
D. Hispanic
B. African American
Rationale: because the gene mutation originated as a protective mechanism against malaria in Saharan Africa.
A patient with sickle cell anemia is receiving hydroxyurea. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect?
A. Thrombocytopenia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Fluid overload
D. Hyperglycemia
A. Thrombocytopenia
Rationale: Hydroxyurea, the only FDA-approved drug treatment for sickle cell disease, can cause a decrease in platelet count (thrombocytopenia). Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor the patient's complete blood count for this potential adverse effect while receiving hydroxyurea therapy.
. A patient with hemophilia A is receiving factor VIII concentrate. The nurse should prioritize monitoring for:
A. Allergic reactions
B. Bleeding complications
C. Electrolyte imbalances
D. Respiratory depression
A. Allergic Reactions
Rationale: When administering factor VIII concentrates to a patient with hemophilia A, the priority for nursing monitoring is allergic reactions. Factor VIII is a blood product, and there is a risk of the patient developing an allergic or anaphylactic response. Close observation for signs of allergic reaction like rash, itching, wheezing, or anaphylaxis is crucial.
When do most transfusion reactions occur?
A. 10min
B. 60min
C. 30min
D. 5min
True or False
False
Rationale: because cold compresses causes sickling, hot can burn patient from lack of sensation from tissue occlusion.
A nurse is assessing a child with suspected thrombocytopenia. Which clinical findings would most likely indicate that the child has a low platelet count?
A. Fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath.
B. Easy bruising, frequent nose bleeds, and small red spots on the skin.
C. Enlarged lymph nodes, fever, and weight loss.
D. Joint swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility.
B. Easy bruising, frequent nose bleeds, and small red spots on the skin.
Rationale :Thrombocytopenia affects the blood’s ability to clot, leading to signs like bruising, nosebleeds, and petechiae (red spots bleeding under the skin)
A patient with iron deficiency anemia is prescribed ferrous sulfate. The nurse should teach the patient:
A. Take the supplement with milk or antacids
B. Take the supplement on an empty stomach
C. Expect constipation as a side effect
D. Discontinue if stools turn black
B. Take the supplement on an empty stomach
Rationale: Iron supplements like ferrous sulfate are best absorbed on an empty stomach. Taking them with milk, antacids, or food can significantly reduce absorption. While iron can cause constipation, the priority instruction is to take it apart from meals for maximum effectiveness in treating iron deficiency anemia. Discolored stools are an expected side effect, not a reason to discontinue therapy.
A patient with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is receiving cyanocobalamin injections. The nurse should reinforce:
A. The need for lifelong therapy
B. Potential for hypoglycemia
C. Risk of thrombocytopenia
D. Importance of dietary restrictions
Rationale: For patients with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, such as pernicious anemia, cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) injections are required for lifelong. This is because the underlying cause, like lack of intrinsic factors, is not reversible. Reinforcing the need for continued B12 injections, even after symptoms resolve, is crucial to prevent the recurrence of megaloblastic anemia and permanent neurological damage.
Which vitamin aids in the absorption of Iron
A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin K
C. Vitamin C
Rationale: helps convert non-heme iron from plant sources into a more bioavailable form that the body can better absorb.
What medication should not be used for pain control in children with sickle cell disease?
A. Meperidine (Demerol)
B. Hydroxyurea
C. Stem Cell Transplantation
D. L- Glutamine
A. Meperidine (Demerol)
Rationale: Because the risk of seizures
. A patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia is started on imatinib (Gleevec). Which instruction is most important?
A. Take the medication with food
B. Avoid sun exposure
C. Increase fluid intake
D. Monitor for edema
D) Monitor for edema
Rationale: Imatinib can cause fluid retention and edema, so monitoring for signs of edema is the most important nursing instruction for a patient starting this medication. Advising increased fluid intake or taking it with food is less crucial. While sun protection is wise with many medications, edema precautions take priority for imatinib.
What happens to RBC's when you have sickle cell disease?
A. Doesn't allow normal clotting because severe bleeding with slight injury.
B. A reduction in the amount and size of RBCs or in the amount of hemoglobin or both.
C. Changes shape making it hard for the cells to pass through capillaries
C. Changes shape making it hard to for the cells to pass through capillaries
A nurse is caring for a child recently diagnosed with leukemia. Which explanation best describes why the child may experience frequent bruising and infections?
A. Leukemia causes an increase in platelets, leading to clotting problems.
B. Leukemia reduces RBC production, causing easy bruising and infections.
C. Leukemia affects the bone marrow, decreasing the production of healthy blood cells, including platelets and WBCs.
D. Leukemia leads to increased blood flow, which causes bruising and infection risk.
C. Leukemia affects the bone marrow, decreasing the production of healthy blood cells, including platelets and WBCs.
Rationale: leukemia affects the bone marrow, decreasing production of healthy blood cells, including platelets and WBCs.
A nurse is assessing a child suspected of having hemophilia. Which signs and symptoms would most likely indicate this condition?
A. Frequent infections, swollen lymph nodes, and fatigue
B. Easy bruising, prolonged bleeding after minor injuries, and swollen, painful joints
C. High fever, pale skin, and rapid heart rate
D. Unexplained weight loss, bone pain, and night sweats
B. Easy bruising, prolonged bleeding after minor injuries, and swollen, painful joints
Rationale: hemophilia is a bleeding disorder where the blood doesn’t clot properly due to missing clotting factors. This results in symptoms such as excessive bruising, prolonged bleeding, and joint swelling or pain caused by internal bleeding.
A nurse is assessing a child with lymphadenopathy. Which clinical features are most commonly associated with this condition?
A. Enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
B. Pale skin, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
C. Joint swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility.
D. High blood sugar levels, frequent urination, and increased thirst.
A. Enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
Rationale: lymphadenopathy refers to the enlargement of lymph nodes, which may be tender or non tender. Associated with symptoms like fever, night sweats, and weight loss can indicate an underlying infection, or in some cases, malignancy.
A nurse is educating the parents of a child diagnosed with anemia. Which explanation best describes anemia and its primary impact on the child’s body?
A. Anemia is a condition where WBC levels are reduced, leading to frequent infections and fatigue.
B. Anemia is a condition where the platelet levels are decreased, causing prolonged bleeding and weakness.
C. Anemia is a condition where RBCs are reduced, impairing oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in fatigue and low energy.
D. Anemia is a condition where blood sugar levels are elevated, causing fatigue and weakness.
C. Anemia is a condition where RBCs are reduced, impairing oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in fatigue and low energy.
Rationale: Anemia is a condition where RBCs are reduced, impairing oxygen delivery to tissues, resulting in fatigue and low energy.
A nurse is educating the parent of a child recently diagnosed with sickle cell disease. Which explanation best describes the condition and its effects on the body?
A. Sickle cell disease is a condition where blood sugar levels are high, causing damage to organs and tissues.
B. Sickle cell disease is caused by a lack of iron in the blood, leading to fatigue and weakness.
C. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder where RBCs are misshapen, causing blockages in the blood vessels and reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.
D. Sickle cell disease is an infection that affects the bone marrow, reducing the production of all blood cells.
C. Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder where RBCs are misshapen, causing blockages in the blood vessels and reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.
Rationale: sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder where RBCs are misshapen, causing blockages in blood vessels and reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.
A nurse is preparing to administer a blood transfusion to a child with severe anemia. What is the primary purpose of this treatment?
A. To increase platelet levels and improve blood clotting.
B. To replenish WBCs and boost the immune system.
C. To replace deficient RBCs, improving oxygen delivery and reducing symptoms of fatigue.
D. To provide essential nutrients like iron and vitamins directly to the bloodstream.
C. To replace deficient RBCs, improving oxygen delivery and reducing symptoms of fatigue.
Rationale: blood transfusions in children with anemia restore red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. This helps relieve symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath caused by low oxygen levels
A nurse is educating the parents of a child about the differences between aplastic anemia and leukemia. Which statement best explains these two conditions?
A. Aplastic anemia affects the production of platelets, while leukemia affects only WBCs.
B. Aplastic anemia is caused by a viral infection, while leukemia is caused by abnormal cell growth in the liver.
C. Aplastic anemia results from bone marrow failure, leading to low blood cell production, while leukemia is a cancer of the bone marrow producing abnormal white blood cells.
D. Aplastic anemia only causes anemia symptoms, while leukemia only causes bleeding problems.
C. Aplastic anemia results from bone marrow failure, leading to low blood cell production, while leukemia is a cancer of the bone marrow producing abnormal white blood cells.
Rationale: aplastic anemia is characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce enough RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, leading to symptoms like fatigue, infections, and bleeding. Leukemia is a malignancy that originates in the bone marrow, causing overproduction of abnormal WBCs, which overcrowd normal blood cells and lead to similar symptoms.
A nurse is explaining the role of the lymphatic system in the immune response to a family concerned about lymphoma. Which statement best describes its function and connection to lymphoma?
A. The lymphatic system produces oxygen for the body and helps repair damaged tissues, which can be disrupted by lymphoma.
B. The lymphatic system transports nutrients to cells and helps the digestive system, but is unrelated to immune function or lymphoma.
C. The lymphatic system produces and circulates WBCs that fight infections, but lymphoma disrupts this process by causing uncontrolled growth of abnormal lymphocytes.
D. The lymphatic system removes waste from the bloodstream, and lymphoma leads to an accumulation of toxins in the body.
C. The lymphatic system produces and circulates WBCs that fight infections, but lymphoma disrupts this process by causing uncontrolled growth of abnormal lymphocytes.
Rationale: The lymphatic system plays a key role in the immune response by producing WBCs (lymphocytes) and filtering harmful substances. Lymphoma is a cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, where abnormal lymphocytes grow uncontrollable, impairing immune function.
A nurse is comparing iron deficiency anemia and sickle cell anemia while educating a patient’s family. Which statement best highlights the differences in symptoms and treatment between the two conditions?
A. Both conditions cause fatigue and require iron supplements for treatment.
B. Iron deficiency anemia results from low iron levels and is managed with dietary changes, while sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder causing pain crises and requiring medications.
C. Sickle cell anemia is caused by lack of RBCs, while iron deficiency anemia is caused by abnormal RBC shapes.
D. Both conditions are caused by poor nutrition and can be resolved with a healthy diet.
B. Iron deficiency anemia results from low iron levels and is managed with dietary changes, while sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder causing pain crises and requiring medications.
Rationale: iron def anemia occurs when the body lacks iron to make healthy RBCs, leading to fatigue and pallor, and is treated with iron supplementation. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited condition where RBCs are abnormally shaped, causing blockage in blood flow, pain episodes, and complications that require specialized treatments.