blood glucose
Q1. Which insulin is rapid-acting?
A. Lispro
B. Glargine
C. NPH
D. Regular
✅ Answer: A. Lispro
Lispro and Aspart act within minutes, given before meals
Q6. Which drug is a DPP-4 inhibitor?
A. Liraglutide
B. Sitagliptin
C. Metformin
D. Regular insulin
✅ Answer: B. Sitagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitors prolong incretin activity, boosting insulin secretion
Q13. Which insulin requires the patient to eat immediately after injection?
A. Glargine
B. NPH
C. Lispro
D. Regular
✅ Answer: C. Lispro
Rapid-acting insulin peaks quickly and should be taken with meals
Q2. Which insulin is long-acting?
A. NPH
B. Glargine
C. Regular
D. Aspart
✅ Answer: B. Glargine
Glargine provides steady 24-hour basal insulin coverage
Q9. Which lab reflects long-term glucose control?
A. Potassium
B. Hemoglobin A1C
C. Fasting glucose
D. Serum insulin
✅ Answer: B. Hemoglobin A1C
HgbA1C shows average glucose over 2–3 month
Q14. Which GLP-1 agonist must be stopped before surgery?
A. Sitagliptin
B. Liraglutide
C. Metformin
D. Glyburide
✅ Answer: B. Liraglutide
GLP-1 agonists delay gastric emptying, raising aspiration risk
Q3. Which oral drug decreases hepatic glucose production?
A. Glyburide
B. Metformin
C. Acarbose
D. Sitagliptin
✅ Answer: B. Metformin
Metformin reduces gluconeogenesis in the liver
Q10. Which assessment is essential before giving insulin?
A. Sodium level
B. Potassium and glucose
C. Hemoglobin
D. Albumin
✅ Answer: B. Potassium and glucose
Insulin lowers both glucose and potassium
What is the best treatment for a conscious patient with BG 40 mg/dL?
A. IV insulin
B. Oral glucose (juice/crackers)
C. Long-acting insulin
D. NPO status
✅ Answer: B. Oral glucose (juice/crackers)
Awake patients with mild hypoglycemia should be treated with oral carbs
Q4. Which drug delays carbohydrate absorption in the gut?
A. Pioglitazone
B. Acarbose
C. Liraglutide
D. Glargine
✅ Answer: B. Acarbose
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow carb digestion, lowering post-meal spikes
Q11. Which drug must be held before IV contrast studies?
A. Glyburide
B. Metformin
C. Acarbose
D. Sitagliptin
✅ Answer: B. Metformin
Risk of lactic acidosis if continued with contrast dye
Q5. Which sulfonylurea increases insulin release?
A. Sitagliptin
B. Glyburide
C. Metformin
D. Pioglitazone
✅ Answer: B. Glyburide
Sulfonylureas stimulate pancreatic beta cells
Q12. Which medication elevates blood glucose during severe hypoglycemia?
A. Lispro
B. Pioglitazone
C. Glucagon
D. Metformin
✅ Answer: C. Glucagon
Glucagon is given IM, IV, or SQ for severe hypoglycemia