Blood Composition
What is the liquid component of blood that makes up about 55% of its volume?
Plasma
What is the most abundant type of blood cell responsible for oxygen transport?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
What is the process by which bleeding is stopped?
Hemostasis
What condition is characterized by a low red blood cell count?
Anemia
What are the three main types of formed elements in blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
What type of white blood cell is most abundant and fights bacterial infections?
Neutrophil
What is the smallest type of blood vessel where gas exchange occurs?
Capillary
What small cell fragments are essential for blood clotting?
Platelets
What disorder involves excessive bleeding due to a deficiency in clotting factors?
Hemophilia
What protein, found on the surface of red blood cells in some individuals, determines whether a person’s blood type is Rh-positive or Rh-negative?
Rh factor (Rhesus factor)
What is the protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen?
Hemoglobin
Between veins and arteries, which one carries blood back to the heart?
Veins
What is the first step in the blood clotting cascade?
Vascular spasm
What condition results from an abnormal hemoglobin causing sickle-shaped red blood cells?
Sickle cell anemia
What is the percentage of water in blood plasma?
About 90%
The percentage of blood made up of red blood cells is called the?
Hematocrit
What structure in veins prevents backflow of blood?
Valves
What is the correct sequence of Blood Clotting?
vessel constriction, platelet plug formation, activation of the coagulation cascade, and formation of a fibrin clot
What is the term for a blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel?
Thrombus
What are the four main blood types based on antigens?
A, B, AB, O
What is the process by which red blood cells are produced in bone marrow?
Erythropoiesis
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
What is the final product of the clotting cascade that forms a mesh to trap blood cells?
Fibrin
What cancer of the blood involves uncontrolled white blood cell production?
Leukemia