Blood Pressure Regulation
This nervous system branch increases HR and vasoconstriction during stress.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
How many separate elevated readings are needed to confirm hypertension?
What are 3 or more documented readings on different occasions?
Hypertension without an identifiable cause.
What is essential (primary) hypertension?
Hypertension is a major risk factor for this cerebrovascular event.
What is a stroke?
This drug class reduces fluid volume by promoting sodium and water excretion.
What are diuretics?
These pressure-sensitive receptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus help regulate BP.
What are baroreceptors?
When checking BP, the nurse should wait this long between readings in both arms.
What is 5 minutes?
Hypertension caused by an underlying condition, such as kidney disease.
What is secondary hypertension?
Long-term hypertension can lead to enlargement of this heart chamber.
What is the left ventricle (left ventricular hypertrophy)?
Beta-blockers reduce BP by blocking these receptors in the heart.
What are β1-adrenergic receptors?
The average pressure in arteries during one cardiac cycle; used to assess tissue perfusion.
What is mean arterial pressure?
The ideal patient position for an accurate BP reading.
What is seated, feet flat, arm at heart level, after 5 minutes of rest?
A severe, abrupt rise in diastolic blood pressure
What is a hypertensive crisis?
Hypertension can damage the eyes, leading to this condition.
What is retinopathy?
This drug class prevents the transformation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
What are ACE inhibitors?
This system is activated when renal perfusion is low and leads to vasoconstriction and sodium/water retention.
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
Name two key lifestyle modifications to help manage hypertension.
What are (EXAMPLES MAY INCLUDE:) reduce sodium intake, lose weight, stop smoking, limit alcohol, & manage stress?
A medical emergency that typically happens after anesthesia
What is malignant hypertension?
Hypertension is a leading cause of this renal condition.
What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Patients taking ACE inhibitors must be monitored for this electrolyte imbalance.
What is hyperkalemia?
In the RAAS pathway, this hormone directly causes vasoconstriction and stimulates aldosterone release.
What is angiotensin II?
Name two labs that may be ordered when a patient is diagnosed with hypertension?
What are (EXAMPLES MAY INCLUDE): BUN, Cr, glucose, lipids, electrolytes, urinanalysis
What are 2 clinical manifestations of a hypertensive emergency?
What are (examples may include) severe headache, n/v, confusion, stupor, sudden onset blurry vision, angina, dyspnea, dec. UOP?
Long-standing hypertension can lead to damage to peripheral blood vessels, increasing the risk of this complication.
What is peripheral arterial disease?
Patients taking this class of antihypertensive drugs should be monitored for a persistent dry, hacking cough.
What are ACE inhibitors?