ABO Blood Groups
Rh Factor
Blood Transfusions
Genetics of Blood Types
Blood Misc.
Vocab
100
What are the four main blood types in the ABO system?
A, B, AB, O
100
When the immune system encounters an antigen not found on the body’s own cell, it will respond by producing
Antibodies
100
What happens if incompatible blood is transfused?
Agglutination the clumping of the blood
100
What are the three alleles responsible for ABO blood types?
IA, IB, and iO
100
Antigens on the surface of a red blood cell are also known as
Agglutinogens
100
red blood cells are also known as
erythrocytes
200
Which blood type is the universal donor?
O-negative
200
What does the Rh factor determine?
Whether a person’s blood type is positive or negative
200
What does a crossmatch test do before a transfusion?
Ensures donor and recipient blood compatibility
200
If a person inherits an A allele from one parent and an O allele from the other, what blood type do they have?
Type A
200
What is the rarest blood type in the world?
AB-negative
200
Which blood component helps in clotting?
State both names these can be called
Platelets
Thrombocytes
300
Which blood type is the universal recipient?
AB-positive
300
What is the most common Rh type in humans?
Rh-positive
300
What are the 3 major sections of blood and their %? 
Plasma: 55%
"Buffy coat" made up of white blood cells and platelets: less than 1%
Red blood cells: 45%
300
A person with type AB blood has parents with which possible blood types?
A and B, AB and A, AB and B, or AB and AB
300
Blood is made up of about ___% plasma and ___% formed elements
What are the 3 formed elements of blood?
55% plasma
45% formed elements
Red BC, White, BC, and Platelets
300
White blood cells are also known as
leukocytes
400
If a person has blood type A, what antigens are present on their red blood cells?
A antigens
400
If a father is Rh positive (+/-) and a mother is Rh positive (+/+) what percent of their children with be Rh negative
0% will be Rh negative
50%: +/+
50%: +/-
400
What component of blood is most commonly transfused?
Red blood cells
400
If both parents have type O blood, what is the blood type of their child?
O – because O is recessive
400
If a person with A blood receives B blood how will their body react to the transfusion?
their immune system will recognize the B antigens on the donor red blood cells as foreign and launch an attack by producing Anti-B Antibodies
400
What hormone regulates the rate at which red blood cells are formed?
Erythropoietin
500
If a person has blood type O, what antibodies are present in their plasma?
Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
500
A person with A+ blood can receive blood from which types?
A+, A-, O+, O-
500
Why is it dangerous for a person with type O blood to receive type A blood?
They have anti-A antibodies that will attack A blood cells.
500
A young couple comes into your clinic. The mother, baby, and the man who believes he might be the father are all present. They’ve agreed to a simple blood type test to see if it’s biologically possible that he is the father of the child.
You get the following results:
Mother’s Blood Type: Type A
Child’s Blood Type: Type O
Alleged Father’s Blood Type: Type AB
Is it possible for this man to be the biological father of the child? Explain
Father is AB → Genotype: IAIB
He has no i allele to give → ❌ Cannot pass on the io needed for Type O child.
Mother is AO → Genotype: IAio
She can give the io allele
BUT since the father cannot contribute an io allele, this child (ioio) could not be his.
500
What is the shape of a red blood cell
Biconcave
500
Blood cells are produced in red bone marrow in a process known as
Hematopoiesis