Backed Up & Heartbroken
The formula for measuring cardiac output is ... ?
CO = HR X SV
In a healthy patient, are blood pressures in the pulmonary arteries high or low?
Low
Describe the presentation of a patient with cardiogenic shock
Deadly diseases that are associated with severely elevated blood pressures are called…?
Hypertensive emergencies
Most common source of pulmonary emboli
Lower Extremities
The blood vessels that leave the heart are ...?
Aorta and Pulmonary Artery
Where would blood flow back up in pulmonary arterial hypertension?
Right ventricle (right side of the heart)
Difference between CHF and cardiogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock is decompensated, end-stage.
If systemic blood pressures are extremely high (e.g. 280/150), the heart can’t pump normally and blood will back up into the…?
Lungs
Risk factors (name 3) for the development of a pulmonary embolism include…?
Cancer, Immobilization, Surgeries, Oral Contraceptives
Your patient is a 72 YOF with SOB, JVD, crackles, and LE edema. Diagnosis?
Heart Failure
31 YOF w/ Pulmonary fibrosis has SOB, clear lung sounds, and hypoxia. #1 diagnosis?
Pulmonary hypertension
65 YOM w/ CHF gives a full hx, becomes altered, stops talking, shakes for 3 seconds then goes limp. Best next step?
Check for a pulse
Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema (SCAPE) is also known as …
Acute Pulmonary Edema
Provide an example HPI for a patient with a pulmonary embolism
IE: 32 YOF 2 weeks post op from R hip surgery presents w/ RLE swelling, pain, pleuritic chest pain, sob, tachycardia, hypoxia
Medication to avoid in heart failure with hypotension
Nitroglycerin
Most important intervention in pulmonary hypertension
Supplemental oxygen
A patient wears a vest underneath their clothing that shocks them. Name the item and purpose.
Life vest - external defibrillator for patients with severe heart failure
Most important BLS treatment for SCAPE is...?
CPAP
Why does a blood clot in the lungs cause shortness of breath?
Loss of gas exchange (will accept ventilation/perfusion mismatch)
BLS treatment options for CHF with chest pain include (3 items)
Oxygen, CPAP, ASA
What intervention can worsen dyspnea in patients with pulmonary hypertension?
IV fluids
The difference in CPR in a patient with an LVAD is ...?
No difference. (difference is that LVAD patients lack a pulse/BP)
Name 3 triggers for SCAPE
Medication nonadherence, volume overload, sympathomimetics, withdrawal, MI, Exertion, Stress, or Anxiety
Vital sign findings in a patient with a pulmonary embolism include …?
Tachycardia, hypoxia (will accept hypotension)