Route of Administration
What is the ROA for Oral Glucose?
Buccal
What is the dose of Albuterol?
2.5 mg / 3 mL
What drug has a contraindication of hypersensitivity to beef or pork?
Glucagon
What do you do if a patient refuses Glucagon because they do not eat beef or pork?
What drug class is Epinephrine under? (Hint: not a stimulant)
Sympathomimetic
What is the difference between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics?
Pharmacodynamics- The purpose of a medication is to produce a desired effect in the body.
Pharmacokinetics- Many factors particular to the patient, their condition, and the medication (absorption, distribution, biotransformation, elimination)
What is the dose of Ipratropium Bromide?
0.5 mg / 2.5 mL NS
What does the term half-life mean when we talk about therapeutic index and drug doses.
Time needed for an average person for metabolism or elimination of 50% of the substance in the plasma (pharmacokinetics).
List three contraindications for Aspirin.
Active GI bleeding, active ulcer, possible hemorrhagic stroke, bleeding disorder, hypersensitivity to NSAIDS, inability to swallow
What drug class is Albuterol listed under?
Bronchodilator; Beta-2 Agonist
Explain the difference between an endogenous and an exogenous receptor.
Endogenous- responses from inside the body (hormones produced)
Exogenous- responses from outside of the body (medications administered)
What medication can be administered via IV, IM, IN, and IO?
Naloxone (Narcan)
What is the weight limit for administering Epinephrine to a pediatric patient?
66 lbs (30 kg)
How do you convert pounds to kilograms?
Why is asthma considered a consideration/precaution for Aspirin?
Which drug must be reconstituted prior to administration?
Glucagon
Why would beta-blockers blunt the inotropic response of Epinephrine?
Epinephrine causes an inotropic effect on the muscles (meaning it increases the force or speed of contraction). A patient taking a beta-blocker will block these effects and slow the nerve impulses that travel through the heart. Therefore, beta-blockers are negative inotropic.
What does the term first-pass metabolism mean?
Medications are altered or inactivated by the liver before it reaches circulation.
What is the pediatric dose of Naloxone?
0.1 mg/kg
More of a precaution, explain why you would administer Naloxone slowly and just enough to restore spontaneous respirations.
Possibility of a combative patient due to coming out of a (probably) expensive high.
A drug that is an agonist to the beta-1 receptors will do what?
Cause vasoconstriction and an increased heart rate.
Why is it important to be cautious when administering Nitroglycerine to a patient with left ventricular involvement (STEMI on the 12-lead in that part of the heart)?
A patient with a known or suspected right ventricular infarct are heavily dependent on maintaining preload.
What is the max mL of fluid that can be administered in each nostril?
1 mL/cc
What is the max dose for Nitroglycerin?
1.2 mg
What is the max weight of a patient receiving Insulin?
There is none :) In fact, obesity is one of the most common predisposing factors to Type-2 Diabetes leading to hyperglycemia.
Explain why Nitroglycerine is a vasodilator.
Vasodilation decreases the myocardial preload and afterload as well as decreasing BP. This decrease in pressure reduces the workload of the heart and requires less O2 demand. This will also decrease cardiac output.
Explain the acetylcholine neurotransmitter.