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Nephrology
Random
100
Tinea Capitis
100
Diagnosis?
Answer: Bulimia nervosa
100
Diagnosis?
Answer: Wilson's disease (Kayser–Fleischer rings).
Measurement of urinary copper and ceruloplasmin confirmed the diagnosis of Wilson's disease in this patient. The rings resolved following chelation therapy.
100
Winter formula
1.5x HCO3 +8 +/- 2
100
who is the 1st to discover Penicillin
Dr. Alexander Flaming, a bacteriologist on duty at St. Mary’s Hospital, returned from a summer vacation in Scotland to find a messy lab bench. He found his Petri dish was contaminated by a mold called Penicillium notatum.
PCN was 1st used in 1942
200
Answer: Eczema herpeticum. This disorder is an eruption of a viral infection on a preexisting site of skin disease, and is commonly caused by herpes simplex virus.
200
Causative organism?
Answer: Treponema Pallidum
200
This skin finding is the result of?
Answer: Electrocution (lightning strike)
200
70 yo M weigh 70kg Na 160
what is the free water deficit
5L
free water: TBW x (serum Na-140)/140
TBW: Male 0.5x wt in kg,
Female 0.4 x wt in kg
200
60 yo Farmer here complains of dry skin that hasn't get better since trying hand lotion for months. Denied any rash, itching on skin
300
Answer: Coloboma. The result of abnormal closure of the optic fissure. Isolated iris colobomas are asymptomatic, but those involving the macula or the optic disk can result in severe visual impairment.
300
Diagnosis?
Answer: Herpes Zoster
300
Answers: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
300
what is the most likely electrolyte abnormality ?
Hyperkalemia
300
On January 12th, 1990, sixteen grocery stores were shut down after this difficult-to-culture gram-negative bacteria was discovered to have colonized the overhead vegetable water sprayers.
Legionella sp.
atypical PNA
400
Answer: Melanosis coli. This is a dark brown pigmentation of the colon that occurs with the use of laxatives containing anthraquinone, such as senna.
It can develop within a few months of use, and it can disappear in a few months if the use of the laxative is discontinued.
400
Answer: Papillomatosis cutis lymphostatica. This is a rare manifestion of lymphedema. Compression therapy is important to prevent further progression.
400
Answer: Babesiosis. Peripheral-blood smear shows numerous intracellular organisms in red blood cells.
Ring forms are seen, as well as rare tetrads. These so-called Maltese cross formations are essentially pathognomonic of babesiosis.
400
a pt with AKI Urine study show. What is the diagnosis
Acute tubular necrosis
ATN: etiology include: renal ischemia, nephrotoxins (aminoglycoside, cisplatin, heme pigments, cidofovir, tenofovir, IVIG, sepsis)
500
Patient had consumed infected raw fish.
Answer: Diphyllobothrium latum. This is a fish tapeworm that can infect humans after they consume infected undercooked or raw fish.
500
Answer: Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa. This was seen as a result of chronic venous stasis in this patient.
500
Diagnosis?
Answer: Melanoma. Histopathological examination revealed an infiltrating lentiginous melanoma in this case.
500
Feature of Gitelman syndrome
Metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciureia
explanation: impaired of Na-Cl contransporter in the distal tubule,
similar to chronic persistent thiazide diuretic effect: inc volume contraction, inc renin, K Mg wasting, and low calcium excretion