Cardiac
The source of calcium in cardiac muscle is
extracellular & sarcoplasmic reticulum
What autonomic output leads to arteriolar vasodilation?
Decreased sympathic
Define tidal volume:
amount of air inhaled per breath during normal breathing
Define a calorie:
amount of heat to raise 1 kg of water by 1 degree C
two types of Stannius Ligatures (2 answers)
1: between sinus venosus & atria
2: atria and ventricle
Innervation of cardiac muscle is through
Autonomic nervous system
Which of the following vessels play the most important role in altering peripheral resistance?
arterioles
The composition of room air:
O2: 20.93% N2: 79% CO2: 0.04%
Cells of the body use:
ATP
during exercise- cardiac output ____, blood flow to skeletal muscles ___, and blood flow to the digestive tract ____. (3 answers)
increases, increases, decreases
During the cardiac cycle, an extra systole can be induced by electrical stimulation during
relative refractory period
Three factors that can alter peripheral resistance (3 responses).
Hyperventilation results in: (2 answers)
no change in blood oxygen, decrease blood carbon dioxide
Percent efficiency of energy: (2 answers)
20% work energy, 80% thermal energy
BTPS refers to (3 answers):
body temp, ambient pressure, saturated gas
According to Starling's Law, a greater force of contraction is due to (2 answers)
Greater EDV & Venous return
What is the effect of venoconstriction on venous return?
hypocapnia:
decreases ventilation
Define indirect calorimetry:
calculates heat that living organisms produce by measuring either their production of carbon dioxide and nitrogen waste, or from their consumption of oxygen
Hyperoxia affects ventilation: T or F?
F
Increasing the temperature of the fluid bathing the sinus venosus results in: (3 answers)
Increase HR, rate of diffusion and Fick's law of diffusion
If heart rate doubles and stroke volume doubles, cardiac output will:
When holding your breath what happens to O2 & CO2: (2 answers)
O2 decreases & CO2 increases
What is STPD
standard temperature and pressure of dry gas
As the size of an animal _____, the surface area:mass ratio _____ and therefore the organism loses heat to the environment at a ____ rate and must consequently produce _____ heat per unit of body mass to compensate for the _____ heat losses.
decreases, increases, faster, more, increased