People Of New France
What role did the Filles du Roi play in New France?
The Filles du Roi were young women sent from France to help populate the colony by marrying settlers and raising families.
What were two chores children had to do?
Children helped with chores like fetching water, feeding animals, and weeding gardens.
Who were the two main groups in the Seven Years’ War?
The British and the French were the main groups in the Seven Years’ War.
Why did explorers come to New France?
Explorers came for the Northwest Passage, new lands, resources, and to expand empires.
What is a 'Seigneur'
A seigneur was a landowner who gave land to habitants to farm and live on.
Who were the coureurs de bois?
Coureurs de bois were unlicensed fur traders who lived among Indigenous peoples and helped expand the fur trade.
What did most habitants do for a living?
Most habitants were farmers who grew crops like wheat and raised livestock.
What was the outcome of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham?
The British defeated the French at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, leading to British control of New France.
What was Jacques Cartier searching for?
Jacques Cartier was looking for a route to Asia (Northwest Passage) and gold but found the St. Lawrence River.
What is 'Colonization'
Colonization is the act of setting up a colony in a new land and controlling it.
Who was General Wolfe or General Montcalm, and what role did they play in the Seven Years’ War?
General Wolfe (British) and General Montcalm (French) were the commanders at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. Both died in battle, and Wolfe’s victory helped Britain take control of New France.
What group of French settlers were forced out of their homes in 1755? What happened to their homes?
The Acadians: Acadians often lived in tight-knit communities, practiced Catholicism, and stayed neutral in British-French conflicts. During the Expulsion, homes were burned, and families were forcibly removed by British soldiers.
What is guerrilla warfare, and how was it used in conflicts during the time of New France?
Guerrilla warfare is a fighting style that uses surprise attacks and ambushes instead of open battles. It was used by Indigenous groups and French forces who knew the land well and used the forests for cover.
How did rivers help explorers?
Rivers helped explorers travel and trade because they were natural highways and good for transporting goods.
What is a 'Voyageur'
A voyageur was someone who transported furs and goods by canoe over long distances.
Who governed New France? (Name the 3 parts of government).
The government of New France had 3 parts: the Governor (military), Intendant (day-to-day affairs), and Bishop (religion).
How was land divided in the seigneurial system?
Land in the seigneurial system was divided into narrow strips along the river, given to settlers by seigneurs.
Why were forts important in conflicts? Give examples of some we learned about.
Forts protected key areas and were used during battles for defense and storage of supplies.
Fort Louisbourg or For Frontenac
What route did Champlain take?
Champlain traveled along the St. Lawrence River and established settlements like Quebec.
What was 'The Fur Trade'
The fur trade was the exchange of animal pelts (like beaver) between Europeans and Indigenous peoples.
What role did Loyalists play during and after the American Revolution?
Loyalists supported Britain and moved to Canada after the revolution, helping to increase the English-speaking population and shape early communities.
What type of housing did many Indigenous groups in Eastern Woodlands live in, and what was special about it?
They lived in longhouses, which were large, shared homes made from wood and bark that housed multiple families from the same clan.
How did the Fall of New France affect French settlers and their way of life?
French settlers lost political control, became British subjects, and had to adapt to British laws and institutions, although many kept their language and religion.
What challenges did explorers face?
Explorers faced challenges like cold winters, lack of food, conflicts, and disease.
What is a "Revolution" in historical context?
A revolution is a major change in power or structure, usually through conflict, like when the American colonies broke from Britain.