c1
Scale used to describe the timing and relationship of events on earth
Geologic Time Scale
Birds are autotrophs? (T or F)
False
in ornithology, a group of interbreeding birds of the same species that live in the same place at the same time is known as a _________________________
population
birds have a two or four chambered heart?
four chambered
unidirectional respiratory air sacs are unique to birds (T or F)
T
Nucleated red blood cells, egg structure, and unicate process of the ribs are all traits unique to birds (T or F)
F, these are traits shared with other groups
this feather we discussed broadly represents the earliest evolutionary stage of feathers, arriving well before the flight feather
protofeather
Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic are all examples of_______________
Geological eras
this highly modified system helps reduce water weight
urogenital system
Do all birds have a hallux? (yes or no)
No, many species like sanderlings, quail, ostrich, etc. that spend lots of time on land, do not have a hallux.
The ______________ of the ribs can improve the effectiveness of muscles involved in respiration
unicate process
___________ and _____________ bones provide the strength and stability required for flight
fused and reduced bones
we can trace the origins of modern day birds to the ____________ era about 80 – 75 MYA
Mesozoic Era
Discoveries are made every day relative to species classification. Sometimes, this leads us to two distinct actions such as __________, which is when ornithologists separate an individuals species into two or more distinct species, or ______________, which is when species share similar traits and common ancestry. However, _______ is most common.
splitting, lumping, splitting
What geologic era are the most primitive birds associated with?
(Mesozoic Era - ~ 250 ~ 66mya)
______________ is located at the base of the bird’s trachea and acts as a resonating chamber for producing vocals, as birds do not have __________
syrinx, vocal cords
amnion, yolk, chorion, allantois are essential _______________ that support egg development in amniotes (e.g., birds, reptiles..etc)
membranes
Archaeopterix lithographica, feathered-non-avian dinosaur? or feathered-avian dinosaur? or Bird?
feathered-avian dinosaur and bird (first primitive bird) acceptable!
Jurassic, cretacious, triassic are all examples of __________________
geological periods
False
Which species is found on all continents except Antarctica — having the broadest natural breeding distribution of any landbird?!
Peregrine Falcon
birds are endo or ectothermic?
endotherms
land-dwelling ancestors of birds evolved the ability to generate aerodynamic forces by flapping their feathered forearms is the hypothesis behind what theory on the evolution of flight?
Cursorial Theory
These bones lack marrow and have air-filled canals strengthened by internal struts.
pneumatic bones
The pectoralis and supracoracoideus muscles are associated with what skeletal trait that easily distinguishes them from being a flightless bird?
the keel