Week 9
The rate-limiting step necessary for regulation of gene expression.
What is Transcription Control?
This process removes introns and joins exons together to form mature mRNA.
What is splicing?
the most abundant membrane lipids
what are phospholipids?
A shift in the membrane potential to a less negatively charged value.
What is Action Potential Depolarization?
The cis-regulatory sequence at the end of a nucleosome transiently exposes the DNA and allows regulators to bind.
What is Nucleosome Breathing?
This type of gene regulation involves chemical modifications like DNA methylation that do not change the DNA sequence but affect gene expression.
What is epigenetic regulation
the main sterol found in animal cell membranes
what is cholesterol?
the class of membrane transport proteins that are exclusively passive transport
what are channels
Function by turning off active genes by depressing activation levels below baseline.
What is a Repressor?
This mechanism allows a single gene to produce many different protein isoforms by varying which exons are included in mRNA.
What is alternative splicing?
the only phospholipid in the bilayer that can freely flip-flop between leaflets
what is cholesterol?
3 types of ATP-driven pumps
what are P-type, ABC transporters, and V-type?
Found in prokaryotes, a transcribed set of genes that contains a single promoter region containing an operator.
What is an Operon?
In this process, gene expression depends on whether the allele was inherited from the mother or the father, often controlled by DNA methylation.
What is genomic imprinting?
fat cells that are specialized to store excess lipids
what are adipocytes?
Utilize an ATP binding cassette to pump small organic molecules across cell membranes.
What are ABC transporters?
An activator that binds and acts cooperatively to alter the chromatin structure through ATP hydrolysis.
What are ATP-dependent Chromatin-Remodeling Complexes?
This protein complex, containing Argonaute, uses small noncoding RNAs to bind complementary mRNA and either degrade it or inhibit its translation.
What is the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC)?
most multipass membrane proteins are composed of this secondary structure
what are alpha helices?
This value represents the membrane voltage at which the electrical gradient exactly balances the concentration gradient for a specific ion, resulting in no net ion flow across the membrane. It can be calculated using a specific equation.
What is the equilibrium potential (Nernst potential)