Chapter 1 (Matter & Change)
What is the study of the composition, structure and properties of matter called?
Chemistry
A logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data
Scientific Method
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes
What is a Wavelength?
The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves.
What is periodic law?
The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic number.
What are the two broad categories the natural sciences are divided into?
Biological sciences and the Physical sciences
Another word for a testable statement
Hypothesis
These short range proton-neutron, proton-proton, and neutron-neutron forces hold nuclear particles together
Nuclear forces
What is the photoelectric effect?
The emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal.
What is an ion?
An atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
Any substance that has a definite composition
Chemical
What is the universal scientific measurement system?
SI
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons of each atom of that element
In the equation E = hv what is h equal to?
h=6.626x10^-34
What groups are a part of the s-Block?
Groups 1 and 2
Define Plasma
High-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms
What is the density equation?
Density = Mass/Volume
What is Avogadro’s Number?
6.022 x 10 to the 23
What scientific number specifies the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals?
Quantum numbers
What block of elements are known as transition elements?
d-Block
Name the 6 branches of chemistry
Organic Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Physical chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Biochemistry, Theoretical Chemistry
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measurement to the correct or accepted value, while precision refers to the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way.
What Dalton’s Atomic Theory
1. All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
2. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties.
3. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.
4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical equations.
5. In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged.
Name all of the noble gasses
Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon
What are the least electronegative elements?
Alkali and alkaline-earth metals