Week 5
DNA replication proceeds from the __ to __ direction.
What is 5' to 3'
RNA polymerase subunit in bacteria that assists the enzyme in reading the signals beginning DNA transcription
What is the sigma factor?
This feat of translation was a strong focus of attention for biologists in the late 1950s, when it was posed as the...
What is a "coding problem"
Enzyme that unwinds double stranded DNA in order for replication of each strand to occur
What is DNA helicase
Eukaryotic DNA replication takes place in which phase?
What is S phase
All cells, bacteria and eukaryotes, express their genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein
What is the central dogma?
The translation of mRNA into protein depends on?
What is an adaptor?
Short sequences of DNA that are synthesized from the discontinuous lagging strand during DNA replication
What are Okazaki fragments
This enzyme joins at the 3' end of the new DNA fragment finishing up in the 5' direction and acts as a special DNA repair system that acts quickly to remove the RNA primers and replace them with DNA specifically on the lagging strand
What is DNA ligase
Short DNA sequence made up of T’s and A’s that marks the beginning of promoter assembly
What is the TATA box?
This ____ base-pairing explains why so many of the alternative codons for an amino acid differ only in their third nucleotide
What is wobble?
Enzyme that relieves the "winding problem" during DNA replication by breaking phosphodiester bonds in one or both strands
What is DNA topoisomerase
To prevent the shortening of telomeres in something called the "end replication problem" eukaryotes use a specialized nucleotide sequences at the end of their chromosome which are recognized by a specific enzyme called ____, that will help elongate telomere length.
What is telomerase
Noncoding, intervening sequences that interrupt the protein-coding sequences of genes in eukaryotes
What is an intron?
The correct amino acid depends on enzymes called
What are aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?
DNA repair pathway in which severely damaged regions of DNA on a strand are cut out and resynthesized using the undamaged strand
What is nucleotide excision repair
A type of DNA repair mechanism that repairs double-strand breaks accurately, repair broken replication fork, plays a role in creating new combinations of DNA sequences in the chromosomes to be passed to offspring during meiosis, and can also be responsible for many inherited forms of cancer.
What is homologous recombination
The process in which the introns are removed from new RNA, creating lariats
What is RNA splicing?
A second principle used to increase the specificity of complementary basepairing is called
What is kinetic proofreading?
X-shaped structure between two DNA molecules that is formed during recombination; also called a "cross-strand exchange"
What is Holliday junction