Topic 12
A specific amino acid sequence that determines the final destination of a protein within a cell.
What is Sorting signal?
A short sequence of amino acids is recognized and bound by a family of proteins known as importins that translocate the entire protein to the nucleus.
What is the nuclear localization signal?
This type of protein works with clathrin to form vesicles, it’s important in cargo selection and in creating clathrin coated pits for endocytosis.
What is an adaptor protein?
P-bodies store what for later activation.
What is mRNA?
This protein recognizes the ER signal on the actively synthesized polypeptide chain and helps to translocate the future ribosome to the ER’s membrane.
What is the signal-recognition particle?
This translocator moves phospholipids at random between leaflets of the membrane.
What is scramblase?
Calnexin and calreticulin ensure what about nascent proteins.
What is proper folding?
This complex helps fold proteins properly in the outer membrane of the mitochondria independently of TOM.
What is the SAM Complex?
This type of intracellular compartment is permeable to small molecules, dynamic, and can assemble de novo and be disassembled in response to changing conditions or cellular need.
What is a biomolecular condensate?
RAN-GAP dose what to RAN-GTP protein.
What is dephosphorylation?
This model explains movement of cargo by vesicles are only in the retrograde direction.
What is the Golgi Maturation Model?
These signal sequences vary greatly in amino acid sequence, but each has eight or more nonpolar amino acids at its center.
What are ER signal sequences?
Ribosomes are located on what side of the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is cytosolic (out)side?
This is made from serine and 2 fatty acids and goes into the Golgi where it will serve as a precursor for glycosphingolipids and sphingomyelin.
What is ceramide?
This is an essential cellular process that Rab proteins are primarily involved in.
What is Vesicle Transport?
This group of proteins performs a coupled transport of the molecules in opposite directions and is driven by an ion-concentration gradient, thus mediating secondary active transport.
What is an antiporter?
When slow trimming of the mannose by a mannoside in the ER occurs, this translocator marks the protein for degradation.
What is the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase?
This complex facilitates the transport and insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane, respectively.
What is the OXA complex?
Thirty-five complementary sets of this vesicle-target fusion-facilitating protein are known in animal cells. One is usually found on the vesicle membrane, and another is on the target membrane. It is involved in vesicular transport by forming a stable four-helix lock between the two membranes.
What are the SNARE proteins?
Each mechanosensitive channel family is structurally distinct from each other, but they seem to share this common feature.
What are amphipathic helices?