Board 3

Evolution

100

Who wrote On the Origin of Species?

Charles Darwin

300

What evolutionary term describes unrelated species independently evolving similar traits due to adapting to similar environments?

Convergent evolution

500

What mathematical principle/law states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences?

Hardy-Weinberg principle

inflammation

100

What is the term for the severe, life-threatening systemic inflammatory condition caused by an overreactive immune response to an infection?

Sepsis

300

What common type of over-the-counter medication does the acronym "NSAID" stand for?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

500

What name is given to the highly destructive cascade of immune signaling proteins that can cause multi-organ failure, notably seen in severe viral infections?

Cytokine storm

Genetics

100

In DNA, which base pairs with adenine?

Thymine

300

What functional unit of DNA consists of a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter, commonly found in prokaryotes like bacteria?

Operon

500

What is the term for chemical modifications to DNA or histones (such as methylation) that alter gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence?

Epigenetics

MCQs

100

​What is the primary role of memory B cells in the immune system? 
A) Consuming cellular debris through phagocytosis 
B) Actively secreting massive amounts of antibodies during an ongoing infection 
C) Retaining the blueprint of an antigen to launch a rapid response upon reinfection
D) Traveling to the thym​us to undergo negative s​election​

C) Retaining the blueprint of an antigen to launch a rapid response upon reinfection

300

​Autoimmune diseases occur when the body attacks itself. Which condition is caused by the immune system destroying the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers in the central nervous system?
A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Systemic lupus erythematosus
C) Multiple sclerosis
D) Crohn's disease​

C) Multiple sclerosis

500

​What type of severe hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by a delayed, cell-mediated immune response peaking 24 to 72 hours after exposure (such as a tuberculosis skin test)? 
A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) Type IV​

D) Type IV