Digestive System
What organ begins digestion by chewing food and mixing it with saliva?
Mouth
What gas does the respiratory system bring into the body?
Oxygen
What are the three major parts of the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What structure connects a muscle to a bone?
Tendon
What is a disease-causing organism or agent called?
Pathogen
What muscular tube carries food from the mouth to the stomach?
Esophagus
What tiny structures in the lungs are the main site of gas exchange?
Alveoli
What two structures make up the central nervous system?
Brain and spinal cord
What structure connects one bone to another bone?
Ligament
Name one part of the body's first line of defense against pathogens.
Skin, mucus/mucous membranes, tears, saliva, or stomach acid
Where does most nutrient absorption take place?
Small intestine
What blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What specialized cells carry information through the nervous system?
Neurons
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle
What proteins bind to specific antigens and help the immune system fight pathogens?
Antibodies
What are the three accessory organs we learned about that help digestion?
Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
During gas exchange, which gas moves from the alveoli into the blood, and which moves from the blood into the alveoli?
Oxygen enters the blood; carbon dioxide enters the alveoli.
What is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus called?
A reflex
When you bend your arm, what happens to your biceps and triceps?
The biceps contracts and the triceps relaxes.
Why can the immune system sometimes respond faster when the same pathogen enters the body a second time?
Memory cells recognize the pathogen and help produce a faster immune response.
After nutrients are absorbed through the small intestine, where do they go so they can be transported around the body?
Into the bloodstream
During intense exercise, why do both heart rate and breathing rate increase?
Muscles need more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide, so breathing increases gas exchange and the heart transports the gases faster.
You accidentally touch a hot pan and quickly pull your hand away. Put these in order: response, stimulus, sensory information, processing by the nervous system.
Stimulus → sensory information → processing → response
Explain how the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems work together when you lift an object.
The nervous system sends signals to muscles, the muscles contract and pull on bones through tendons, and the bones move at the joints.
A student runs outside on a hot day. Their heart rate and breathing rate increase, and they begin sweating. What is the body trying to maintain?
Homeostasis — relatively stable internal conditions.