Systems of the Body
What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?
A: Axial and appendicular.
What is the primary fuel source for the ATP-PC system?
Creatine phosphate.
Name ONE characteristic of a learner in the cognitive stage.
Frequent errors, relies on external feedback.
Define intrinsic motivation.
Motivation from within (enjoyment, self-improvement).
What is isotonic concentric contraction?
Muscle shortens under tension (e.g. lifting a weight).
Name ONE type of muscle fibre and its key characteristic.
A: Slow twitch – endurance, fatigue resistant / Fast twitch – power, fatigue quickly.
Which energy system is dominant in a 400m sprint?
Lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis).
What is the difference between gross and fine motor skills?
Gross = large muscle groups (running); Fine = small, precise movements (dart throw).
Give ONE example of how personal identity can influence participation in sport.
Gender, culture, values — e.g. cultural norms may encourage or discourage participation.
Name ONE protective behaviour that can reduce dehydration.
Regular fluid intake, avoiding caffeine/alcohol, hydration strategies.
How does the respiratory system enable gaseous exchange?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between alveoli and capillaries via diffusion.
List TWO immediate physiological responses to exercise.
Increased heart rate, ventilation rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, lactate.
Give ONE example of distributed practice and when it should be used.
Practice with rest breaks — used for beginners or fatigue-heavy skills.
Explain the difference between positive and negative motivation.
Positive = driven by rewards/goals; Negative = driven by fear of punishment/failure.
What type of joint is the knee?
Hinge joint.
Explain the agonist/antagonist muscle relationship using a bicep curl.
Biceps contract as agonist while triceps relax as antagonist.
Compare aerobic training and anaerobic training with examples.
Aerobic = continuous running; Anaerobic = sprint intervals.
Explain how feedback supports progression from associative to autonomous stage.
Feedback refines errors, improves consistency, builds automatic execution.
Why is self-regulation essential for sports performance?
Manages arousal, focus, training behaviours, prevents burnout.
Give ONE example of a contemporary training method and explain its benefit.
HIIT – improves both aerobic and anaerobic fitness efficiently; SIT – develops speed and power with short, intense bursts.
How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together during high-intensity exercise?
Respiratory brings in O₂, circulatory delivers it to muscles and removes CO₂ efficiently.
Analyse how nutrition supports efficient functioning of the aerobic system.
Carbs & fats provide sustained fuel; iron supports haemoglobin/O₂ transport.
How do decision-making and tactical development enhance performance in team sports?
Allow athletes to adapt to opponents, choose best options under pressure.
Analyse how contemporary forms of exercise (e.g. CrossFit, ParkRun) promote cohesion.
Group participation builds belonging, support networks, motivation.
Discuss how biomechanics can both enhance performance and reduce injury.
Efficiency = better results; safe technique reduces load/strain.