Muscle structure and function
What role do muscles play?
Their primary function is to provide force for movement, maintain posture and to regulate body temperature.
What is flexibility?
The ability to move joints freely through their
full range of motion
What is body composition?
The relative amounts of fat and fat-free tissues in the body.
After what BMI are you categorized as obese?
After a BMI of 30
What's the difference between field methods and laboratory methods?
Field methods refer to simple, portable techniques while laboratory methods involve more precise, specialized equipment and are usually conducted in a clinical setting, allowing for a more accurate assessment.
How many skeletal muscles are in the body?
Around 600
What are muscle spindles? What's their job?
They are sensory receptors (proprioceptors) that are located in the muscle that detect changes in muscle length and the speed of change in muscle length.
What is essential fat?
Fat located in nerves and cell membranes necessary for maintaining normal physiological functions.
What is an android pattern of obesity?
When fat is primarily stored in upper body and around the waist, creating more of an apple shape. It is more common in men
What are some field method examples?
The skin fold test, BIA/ hand-held devices, Height and Weight tables, BMI, waist and hip-to-waist measurements.
What causes a muscle to move?
A muscle shortening or lengthening is what causes it to move.
What is synovial fluid and what is it's purpose?
Synovial fluid is a thick, viscous liquid that lubricates and protects your joints and is needed to reduce friction and decrease wear and tear.
What is storage fat?
Nonessential fat that is stored in adipose tissue, primarily visceral (around organs) and subcutaneous (under the skin)
What is a gynoid pattern of obesity?
When fat is primarily stored in waist, hips, and thighs creating more of a pear shape. More common in women.
What are laboratory measures?
DXA's, Hydrostatic weighting, Bod Pod, and BIAs
Define Isotonic, give example movements.
Movement of a body part at a joint where the muscle contracts and lengthens. Lifting a dumbbell, vertical jumping, walking and running.
Name some benefits of flexibility.
Increased joint mobility, More efficient body movement, Better posture, Prevents lower back pain and Hypokinetic disease.
What is the recommended body fat percentage for women?
21-32%
What percentage of adults are obese in the United States?
34%
What insight does the Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry provide that is unique?
It provides a measure of regional fat distribution.
What are the different muscle action classifications?
Concentric action, eccentric action, isometric action.
Explain and compare good and bad posture.
Good posture is when your body is in alignment and holds positions that place the least amount of strain on supporting muscles and ligaments of a joint. Bad posture is when your body is out of alignment due to holding positions that stretch muscles on one side of joint, while shortening them on other side.
Calculate the BMI of a 21 year old 5'9 male who weights 220 pounds. What category does he fall under?
32.5, Obese Class 1
List chronic conditions associated with obesity
Cardiovascular disease, Some cancers (breast, prostate, colon), Hypertension, Kidney disease, Joint problems and osteoarthritis, Diabetes, Sleep apnea, Menstrual abnormalities/pregnancy complications.
How does a BIA work? How does it distinguish body fat?
It passes very low-level electrical current through the body between the electrodes or sensors. Body fat is estimated according to the resistance to the flow of the current. Lean tissue (muscle) contains more water. Fat tissue contains less water and impedes the flow of the current.