4.1 Levels of organisation
Unicellular organisms have _______ layers of organization.
5
When you breathe, you take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide.This is called ________. It takes place inside your _____.
gas exchange/respiration, lungs
1. When you breathe, muscles in your chest tighten or ________.
Contracts
Most parts of your body have hard structures inside them. These are your _____. They make up your ______.
bones, skeletons
Where do joints occur to be?
Where two or more bones are combined together
Name all the levels of organization
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
lungs are delicate, so they are protected by the hard and strong bones that make up your ______.
ribcage
Name two factors that can reduce lung volume.
smoking, no exercise, unhealthy diet
Bones can protect vital organs from being damaged. For example: Your _____ protects your ______.
skull, brain
How can you measure muscle strength?
You can measure the strength of your muscles using a Newton scale. The harder you can push on the scale, the greater the force exerted.
Describe an example of an organ system and describe the organs it is made up of.
eg.
When we breathe in we ____ to take in oxygen and
when we breathe out we _____ to remove carbon dioxide.
inhale, exhale
When we inhale:
1. The muscles between your ribs _______ (contracts/relaxes) - this pulls your ribcage __ (up/down) and ___ (in/out).
2. The diaphragm _______ (contracts/relaxes) - it moves _____ (up/down).
3. The volume inside your chest ________(increase/decrease).
4. The pressure inside your chest _______ (increase/decrease)- this draws air into your lungs.
When we inhale:
1. The muscles between your ribs contracts - this pulls your ribcage up and out.
2. The diaphragm contracts - it moves down.
3. The volume inside your chest increases.
4. The pressure inside your chest decreases - this draws air into your lungs.
and vice versa
Why do we have a skeleton?
support the body
protect vital organs
help the body move
make blood cells
Different types of joint allow movement in different directions. Three types of joint are:
• hinge joints - for movement backwards and forwards, for
hinge joints - for movement backward and foward for example the knee and elbow
ball-and-socket joints - for movement in all directions, for example, the hip and shoulder
fixed joints - do not allow any movement, for example, the skull.
Name any plant tissue and describe its function
a plant tissue is the xylem - these are tubes that
carry water around the plant.
Describe, step by step, the journey that carbon dioxide takes from the alveolus out of the body.
alveolus - bronchiole - bronchus - trachea - nose/mouth
Describe how you would measure the lung volume of Su Bingtian（苏炳添）.
plastic bottle experiment.
Some bones inside your body, such as the long ones in your arms and legs, are not solid. In the middle of these bones is a soft tissue called bone m______. They produce r__ and w____ blood cells.
marrow
red, white
What is the function of a cartilage?
It is kept slippery by fluid in the joint. This allows the bones to move without rubbing together.
In a plant structure, the flower is its reproductive system. So which level of organization does a flower belong in?
third level of organizatioin
If you breathe onto a cold mirror, it steams up. This is because __________
Condensation.
When we exhale we release warm water vapour which hits the mirror. It condenses, turning it back into a liquid.
What is a disease that smoking may cause that affects lung volume?
Clue: starts with an 'a', ends with an 'a'
asthma
Label all the important parts of this sexy skeleton
Skull, collarbone, backbone/vertebral column, pelvis, kneecaps, ankles
Remember the difference between a ligament and a joint?
ligament connects two bones, whereas joints connect a bone and a muscle