Circulatory & Respiratory
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste throughout the body.
What is the main function of the excretory system?
To remove waste products and regulate water and salt balance.
Name the 5 sense
Hearing, sight, touch, smell, taste
What are pathogens? Can you name the 4
Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protists or viruses that cause disease.
Photosynthesis takes place in what part of a plant?
Leaves
When the diaphragm contracts, is air pulled "in" or "out" of the lungs?
in
What is the main function of the large intestines?
Water absorption
What is the name given to a nerve cell?
Neuron
What are antibodies?
Proteins made by the immune system to neutralise/mark specific pathogens.
Where does respiration occur in a cell?
Mitochondira
What are the differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries? (structure and function)?
Arteries carry blood away from heart at high pressure, veins carry it back at low pressure, and capillaries allow exchange with tissues. Arteries are also thicker compared to veins. Veins also have valves to stop back flow.
What is the role of enzymes in digestion?
They speed up the chemical breakdown of food molecules.
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
To produce hormones that regulate body functions.
What are the roles of B cells and T cells?
B cells make antibodies; T cells destroy infected cells.
What is the main purpose of respiraton in cells?
To release energy from glucose for the cell to use.
Why are alveoli structurally important for gas exchange?
Their thin walls and large surface area allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse easily.
What is the name of the tiny filtering unit in the kindneys?
Nephron
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
nervous system?The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (nerves).
What is meant by artificially acquired immunity? Can you give me an example?
Immunity that is not acquired through natural means such as being infected but acquired through human intervention.
Vaccine (Antigens that are weakened, dead, fragmented)
Antivenom (preformed antibodies)
Why does the body create more carbon dioxide when you are exercising?
Because carbon dioxide is a product of cellular respiration.
What is the name of the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood? Why is it the case that this artery carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary artery - It pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to be oxygenated in the lungs.
What are Villi? Which organ would you find them and how do they contribute to the function of this organ?
Tiny finger-like structures that line the small intestines, which help in creating a large surface area for absorption.
How do hormones help regulate body functions?
They act as chemical messengers controlling processes like growth, metabolism, and mood.
What are the 4 ways in which the immune system protects us?
Physical/Chemical Barrier
Innate Immune response
Adaptive Immune response
Immunological Memory response
What by-product in humans is created from Anaerobic respiration?
Lactic Acid