Muscular and Skeletal Systems
Involuntary muscles
We breathe to take in _____________ from the air and remove _______________________ from the body.
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide
What are the essential pieces of the nervous system? (There are three).
1. Brain
2. Nerves
3. Spinal cord
What is the function of the excretory system?
Removing waste produced by the activities of cells.
What is the function of the endocrine system?
To release hormones into the bloodstream to regulate and control body function such as growth, reproduction, and development.
Name one function of the skeletal system.
1. Framework: gives shape and support
2. Bones protect internal organs
3. Major muscles are attached to bones
4. Blood cells are formed in the red marrow of some bones.
5. Major quantities of calcium and phosphorous compounds are stored here.
Arteries move blood ___________ from the heart, veins move blood ____________ the heart.
Away, toward
What is the name of the top (outer) layer of the integumentary system and what is its function?
Epidermis- protects the inside of the body, absorbs nutrients, and helps maintain homeostasis.
In the digestive system, where does most chemical digestion occur?
Small intestine
What is the function of the reproductive system?
Allows humans to continue as a species by fertilizing a female ovum with a male sperm through sexual reproduction.
Name the three types of muscle tissue.
1. Skeletal
2. Smooth
3. Cardiac
What three things make up the circulatory system?
Heart, vessels, blood
What is the main function of the nervous system?
Receives internal and external stimuli and directs the way in which your body responds.
What is different about the waste produced by the digestive system and the waste produced by the excretory system?
Digestive system- solid waste (remains of food)
Excretory system- liquid waste (filtered from blood)
The testes produce the hormone _________________ while the ovaries produce the hormone _______________.
Testosterone; estrogen
What is the difference between joints and ligaments?
Joints are any place where two bones meet, ligaments are tough bands of tissue that hold bones together.
What is gas exchange and where does it take place?
Gas exchange is the process of oxygen entering the bloodstream and carbon dioxide leaving the bloodstream. This takes place at the alveoli.
List three functions of the integumentary system.
- Protecting the body
- Excreting waste (sweat)
- Receptors for touch, pain, pressure
- Storage
- Body temperature regulation
- Water loss regulation
How do the excretory and circulatory system work together?
Blood from the circulatory system passes through tiny filters in the kidneys called nephrons. Waste is removed and water is circulated back through the body.
Name one of the glands within the endocrine system and the hormone that it releases.
Answers will vary
Pituitary- growth hormone
Parathyroid- parathormone
Adrenal- adrenaline
Thyroid- thyroxine
Pancreas- insulin
Describe how muscles and bones work together to help us move.
Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. Muscles expand and contract pulling on bones and allowing us to move.
Describe the pathway of air through the respiratory system.
1. Air enters nostrils
2. Enters nasal cavity
3. Passes down trachea
4. Splits at the bronchi
5. Moves to the bronchioles
6. Enters alveoli
Give one example of an internal stimuli and one example of an external stimuli.
Answers will vary.
Why could we consider the lungs and skin to be part of the excretory system?
Lungs remove carbon dioxide from the body and the skin removes excess water and salts which are both waste products.
The pancreas is also part of another body system that we have covered. Name that body system and the role the pancreas plays in that system.
Digestive system; the pancreas is one of the organs that contributes chemicals that aid in digestion. Food does not pass through it.