Muscular
What are the 5 main functions of the muscular system?
Movement, support, protection, heat generation, and blood circulation
Where does the most digestion occur?
In the small intestine
What are the three main parts of the cardiovascular system?
The heart, blood vessels, and blood
How many bones are in the adult human body?
206
What is the basic unit of the nervous system?
The neuron
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth
How does food move through the digestive tract?
Through wavelike muscle contractions called peristalsis
Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?
The left side
What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?
Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
The Central Nervous System (brain/spinal cord) and the Peripheral Nervous System
What is the "sliding filament theory" of muscle contraction?
Muscle contraction occurs when myosin filaments pull actin filaments closer together, shortening the sarcomere without the filaments themselves changing length
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
It produces bile to break down fats
What is the name of the valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral valve
What is the hard outer layer of a bone called?
Compact bone
What is the junction between two neurons called?
A synapse
What is the difference between muscle hypertrophy and muscle atrophy?
Hypertrophy is an increase in muscle size/mass, while atrophy is a decrease in muscle size/mass (often from disuse or disease)
Where is water reabsorbed?
In the large intestine
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
What substance inside bones produces blood cells?
Red bone marrow
What is the largest part of the brain, responsible for thinking and voluntary movement?
The cerebrum
What neurotransmitter triggers skeletal muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine (ACh), which is released at the neuromuscular junction
What are villi?
Finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption
The "lub" sound in a heartbeat is caused by the closing of which valves?
Atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid and mitral)
What is the process of bone formation called?
Ossification
What is the"rest and digest" system?
The parasympathetic nervous system