Cardio
How many chambers, valves and major vessels are attached to the heart?
4 / 4 / 3
What are the structures included in the lower and upper respiratory system?
lowr: oral, nasal cavity (oronasal cavity works), pharynx,
uppr: larynx, lungs, trachea, bronchi
What are the three types of muscles?
skeletal, cardiac and smooth
What are the major organs involved in the renal system
kidneys, ureters, urethra
Which side of the heart moves un-oxygenated vs oxygenated blood
oxygenated - left
un-oxygenated - right
What are the 3 anatomical parts that help us breath "important players"
diaphragm, intercostal muscles, lungs
In terms of the sliding filament theory: what were the names for the thin and thick filaments?
thin = actin
thick = myosin
What are the tiny filters located inside each kideny
nephrons
List the chambers, and valves
right / left atrium
right / left ventricle
mitral valve, tricuspid, pulmonary, aortic
What is the name of the specialized tissue that ensures food and air flow remain separated in the body?
the epiglottis
How are the 3 muscle types controlled? (hint: muscles shorten/lengthen, but what causes this?)
Cardiac : electrical signals
Smooth: Autonomic nervous system and hormones
What are the 3 functions of the kidneys and briefly describe them
filtration, reabsorption, secretion
Describe, from low to high blood pressure, of the following: veins, arteries, capillaries
veins < capillaries < arteries
In gas exchange, in order for oxygen to diffuse into the blood, where does its concentration have to be higher (HINT: THINK DIFFUSION)
Oxygen concentration is higher in the air, so it can diffuse into blood
CO2 is concentration is higher in blood, so it diffuses into alveoli
skeletal: traps, biceps, quads, etc
cardiac: heart
smooth: intestine, stomach, lungs
What are the 4 things the renal system will oversee the transfer of?
water, salts, glucose, waste
Beginning with the lungs, describe the pathway of blood, from the lungs to the body and back.
So oxygenated blood into the body and un-oxygenated back to the heart
lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > left ventricle > aorta > body
vena cava > right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary arteries
In inhalation & exhalation:
1) What relaxes / contracts
2) the effect on the volume in chest cavity
3) does pressure increase / decrease in lungs
inhalation:
- diaphragm & rib muscles contracts, increasing the volume in chest cavity, decreasing the pressure inside the lung
exhalation:
- diaphragm & rib muscles relax, decreasing the volume in chest cavity increasing the pressure inside lungs
Muscle contraction requires ATP, but how is ATP used (hint: actin / myosin movements
- Power myosin movement, myosin pulls actin inward (contraction)
-detaching myosin from actin (relaxation)
- resetting the contraction cycle
Define hydronephrosis, one cause, and one symptom
swelling of one or both kidneys caused by a build up of urine that can’t drain due to kidney stones, tumors. Symptoms can include intense pain in side/back, vomiting, UTI