Circulatory System
What are the 3 main components of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood, and blood vessels
What type of digestion physically breaks food into smaller pieces?
Mechanical digestion
What causes infectious diseases?
Pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.)
Which disease occurs when the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar?
Diabetes mellitus
What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Where does chemical digestion begin?
Mouth
What do antibodies do?
Help identify and destroy pathogens
Which body system uses hormones to send messages?
Endocrine system
Which type of neuron carries messages from the body to the brain and spinal cord?
Sensory neuron
Which blood vessels are only one cell thick and allow exchange of materials?
Capillaries
What is the main function of the stomach?
Break down food using acids and enzymes / begin protein digestion
What is the body’s immediate response to injury or infection called?
Inflammatory response
What hormone problem occurs in diabetes mellitus?
Problems with insulin production or response
Which type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons?
Interneuron
Name the 4 components of blood.
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Give one example of mechanical digestion and one example of chemical digestion.
Mechanical: chewing; Chemical: stomach acid/saliva enzymes
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active: body makes its own antibodies; Passive: antibodies come from another source
True or False: Hormones travel through the bloodstream to target organs.
True
Which type of neuron carries signals from the brain/spinal cord to muscles?
Motor neuron
What is one important function of the placenta?
Exchanges nutrients, oxygen, and wastes between mother and fetus
Compare where mechanical digestion and chemical digestion begin.
Mechanical begins in the mouth by chewing; chemical begins in the mouth with saliva
What happens when the body attacks its own healthy cells?
An autoimmune disease occurs
Why is insulin important to the body?
It helps regulate blood glucose levels
What is the difference between a stimulant and a depressant? Give one example of each.
Stimulants increase nervous system activity (caffeine); depressants slow it down (alcohol)