Vocab
What is the digestive system?
Responsible for breaking down food into smaller molecules.
The building block of proteins (found in meat and fish).
What is an amino acid?
FOCUS ON: Why can’t the athlete rely only on food molecules to exercise?
An athlete thinks that she can exercise as long as she eats different types of food because her body just needs different types of food molecules to work properly. Is the athlete correct?
a. Yes, her cells only work when they have molecules from different types of food.
b. No, her muscles do not need molecules from food because all cells make all the molecules they need.
c. No, all cells need molecules from food and molecules from air to work properly.
d. No, only her stomach cells need food molecules to work properly.
(C)Because cells need molecules from both food and air to work properly.
If a person is breathing normally, which of the following could prevent him from using his body to exercise normally?
FOCUS ON:
Why can’t a patient exercise if their digestive system isn’t breaking down food?
a. not getting enough sunlight, because cells need sunlight to function
b. not getting enough sleep, because the body only makes energy for exercise while asleep
c. not eating enough food, because cells need molecules from both food and air to work
d. nothing, because he would be able to exercise normally as long as his cells are getting molecules from the air
(C)not eating enough food, because cells need molecules from both food and air to work
What is the circulatory system?
Transports molecules to and from all cells.
The building block of starch found in bread, vegetables, and fruit.
What is glucose?
FOCUS ON:Why can’t Marisol exercise well if her digestive system isn’t working?
Marisol has been chewing and swallowing her food, but her digestive system is not doing what it usually does. Why is this a problem for her ability to exercise?
a. Her cells will not work well because molecules from her food are not being broken down small enough to get to her cells.
b. Her body will run out of energy because molecules from the air are not being combined into larger molecules for the cells.
c. Her respiratory system will have to work twice as hard to break down molecules from food.
d. Her cells will not work well because the molecules from food will be too small for cells to use.
(A)Her cells won’t get small enough molecules from food for energy.
Raoul ate a meal of oats before seeing his doctor. Oats are made of mostly starch molecules. Raoul feels tired, so his doctor gave him a test and found that Raoul’s cells contained glucose molecules, but they did not contain enough oxygen molecules. Does this explain why Raoul feels tired?
b. Yes, his digestive system is breaking down starch molecules, but his respiratory system may not be working properly.
What is the respiratory system?
Takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
The basic unit of life.
What is a cell?
FOCUS ON: Why might the ocean scientist’s doctors monitor food and air molecules?
An ocean scientist plans to spend several days underwater in a submarine. Doctors on land will monitor her body to make sure she is healthy during her trip. What is one way doctors will be able to tell whether her body is healthy enough to do all her tasks while she is in the submarine?
a. The doctors could see if her cells are getting several different types of food molecules.
b. The doctors could see if she is getting plenty of sleep so her body can make enough energy.
c. The doctors could see if her lung cells have molecules from air, and her stomach cells have molecules from food.
d. The doctors could see if her cells are getting the molecules they need from food and air.
(D)To ensure her cells are getting molecules from both food and air.
Doctors tested a patient to find out what molecules were in his cells. His cells contained normal levels of glucose molecules and amino acid molecules, and low levels of oxygen molecules. Will this patient be able to exercise normally?
a. Yes, his body is working properly enough to exercise.
b. No, his digestive system is not breaking down food molecules; his cells need starch molecules to react with glucose, which releases energy.
c. No, his body systems are working, but he needs to eat different food; only proteins can react with glucose to release energy.
d. No, his respiratory system is not working; his cells need oxygen to react with glucose, which releases energy.
d. No, his respiratory system is not working; his cells need oxygen to react with glucose, which releases energy.
What is an organ?
Part of the body made up of tissues.
A group of similar cells working together.
What is tissue?
The tables show information about the body systems of three different patients. Which of these patients’ bodies are NOT working well enough to exercise normally?
a. R. Frost only
b. V. Mistry only
c. R. Frost and A. Kim
d. A. Kim and V. Mistry
(C)R. Frost and A. Kim.
Two teams of scientists hiked 10 kilometers to different study sites. Before their hike, the Valley team ate a lunch of mostly protein. The Mountain team ate a lunch of a mix of starch and protein, but hiked at high altitude, where there is much less oxygen. Which team probably had an easier time hiking?
a. Both teams had an easy time hiking because their digestive systems broke down proteins into amino acids for cells to release energy.
b. Neither team had an easy time hiking; the Valley team’s cells needed more glucose from broken-down starch for a reaction, and the Mountain team’s cells needed more oxygen from air.
c. The Mountain team had an easier time hiking; their cells released energy from protein reacting with glucose, which was broken down from starch in the digestive system.
d. The Valley team had an easier time hiking; their cells released energy from protein breaking down in the digestive system, which then combined with oxygen in cells.
b. Neither team had an easy time hiking; the Valley team’s cells needed more glucose from broken-down starch for a reaction, and the Mountain team’s cells needed more oxygen from air.
A living thing made up of organ systems.
What is an organism?
A group of organs working together to perform a function.
What is an organ system?
A patient has been eating healthy foods, but his digestive system is not doing what it usually does. Can this patient still exercise normally?
a. Yes, as long as he can still breathe, his cells will have all the molecules they need to release energy.
b. No, his digestive system is not breaking down oxygen into molecules small enough to get inside his cells.
c. No, molecules from food are not combining together to be large enough for his cells to use.
d. No, molecules from food are not getting broken down small enough to get inside his cells.
(D)They can’t exercise normally because cells need molecules from both food and air.
Lucille is finding it difficult to play soccer after school. Her doctor thinks that her cells might not be getting enough oxygen. When Lucille talked about it with a friend, her friend said there might be a problem with Lucille’s respiratory system or circulatory system.
What do Lucille’s cells need in order for her body to function properly? How might a problem with Lucille’s respiratory system or circulatory system make it difficult for Lucille to play soccer?
Lucille’s cells need glucose and oxygen in order for her body to function properly. If there is a problem with her circulatory system or respiratory system, they might not be bringing in enough oxygen from the air. It’s hard to play soccer if you don’t have enough oxygen in your cells.