Body Systems
Homeostasis and Malfunctions
Immune System
Vaccines and Allergies
100
Which of the following correctly describes the organization of the heart and the brain?
a. A group of organ systems
b. Organs with cells and tissues
c. Organ systems with organs, tissues, and cells
d. Cells, only
What is b. Organs with cells and tissues
100
A person begins exercising and becomes incredibly warm. As a result, blood vessels near his skin’s surface increase in size and allow heat to be lost easily from the body, through the skin. The body temperature decreases. This is an example of:
a. active transport
b. creating nutrients in the body
c. maintaining homeostasis
d. oxygen transport by red blood cells
What is c. maintaining homeostasis
100
Which group of cells protect the body by producing specific chemicals in response to pathogens?
a. bacterial cells
b. insulin-producing cells
c. red blood cells
d. white blood cells
What is d. white blood cells
100
If a scientist is developing a vaccine for a new virus that has been infecting the population, what will the scientist put inside of the vaccine?
a. White blood cells from an infected person
b. Many microbes that will attack the virus
c. Strong bacteria that engulf viruses
d. Weakened viruses associated with the infection
What is d. Weakened viruses associated with the infection
200
Which of the following statements best describes the function of neurons of the nervous system?
a. Create energy to allow the body to move.
b. Send and receive electrical signals through the body.
c. Send chemical messages known as hormones.
d. Transport oxygen and energy through the body.
What is b. Send and receive electrical signals through the body.
200
Multiple sclerosis is a progressive disease that causes nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord to weaken. What is one likely result of this:
a. The affected person will have difficulty controlling muscle movement
b. The affected person will experience chest pain associated with heart malfunctions.
c. The affected person will have difficulty breathing due to contracted airways.
d. The person will experience emotional confusion, as a result of brain injury.
What is a. The affected person will have difficulty controlling muscle movement
200
The primary function of antibodies is to –
a. Produce antibiotics to control disease
b. Provide protection against pathogens
c. Eliminate harmful gene mutations
d. Control the production of ATP
What is b. Provide protection against pathogens
200
What occurs in the body during an allergic reaction to peanut butter?
a. The circulatory system responds to an antigen in peanut butter.
b. The immune system responds to the usually harmless peanut butter.
c. All of the person’s body systems maintain homeostasis because of the peanut butter.
d. The person’s immune cells divide uncontrollably in response to the peanut butter.
What is b. The immune system responds to the usually harmless peanut butter.
300
What would be the result of a malfunction of the circulatory system?
a. The body wouldn’t be able to communicate between cells
b. The body wouldn’t be able to transport oxygen to the muscles
c. The body wouldn’t be able to produce gametes
d. The body wouldn’t be able to absorb nutrients for cellular respiration
What is b. The body wouldn’t be able to transport oxygen to the muscles
300
Inflammatory bowel disease causes swelling and disruption of the digestive tract – specifically the small intestine. This could disrupt which process?
a. reabsorbing water from food
b. absorbing nutrients from digested food
c. crushing and liquefying undigested food
d. transporting food from the esophagus to the stomach
What is b. absorbing nutrients from digested food
300
What is the most likely effect if a person is infected with a pathogen?
a. The pathogen will disrupt homeostasis in the body.
b. The pathogen will transform the person’s body cells into pathogens.
c. The pathogen will produce antibodies that can damage the person’s organs.
d. The pathogen will be uncontrollable and infect other parts of the body.
What is a. The pathogen will disrupt homeostasis in the body.
300
Which of the following is the result of receiving a vaccine?
a. The body produces toxins to fight a specific pathogen.
b. The body produces antibodies and memory cells.
c. The number of white blood cells in the blood increases.
d. Helper T cells are activated to fight pathogens.
What is b. The body produces antibodies and memory cells.
400
Which systems of the human body act like the nucleus of a cell – meaning they control activities in the body?
a. digestive and reproductive
b. circulatory and respiratory
c. skeletal and muscular
d. nervous and endocrine
What is d. nervous and endocrine
400
Coronary artery disease is a condition in which plaques made of cholesterol and fat line the inside walls of arteries. This decreases the size of arteries and interferes with –
a. The release of insulin to control blood sugar
b. The brain’s control of the heart
c. The movement of oxygen to body tissues
d. The synthesis of red and white blood cells
What is c. The movement of oxygen to body tissues
400
HIV is a virus that leads to the development of AIDS, a disorder that results in the destruction of helper T cells. What is a result of this?
a. The red blood cells can no longer make antibodies.
b. The virus will strengthen later immune responses against other viruses.
c. Immune responses will reduce the spread of AIDS.
d. Immune responses will be weakened in infected people.
What is d. Immune responses will be weakened in infected people.
400
The redness, swelling, and itchiness of an allergic reaction is caused by –
a. The release of histamine from mast cells
b. The production of antibodies by B cells
c. The production of toxins by the allergen (such as peanuts)
d. The circulatory system increasing the blood flow
What is a. The release of histamine from mast cells
500
Which statement describing the cells in a body system is correct?
a. All cells in the system are identical, and each cell works alone.
b. Some cells in the system may be different, but all cells are coordinated and work together.
c. Each cell in the system is different, and each cell works alone.
d. All cells in the system are identical to each other and work together.
What is b. Some cells in the system may be different, but all cells are coordinated and work together.
500
Which of the following is an example of maintaining homeostasis in the body?
a. The digestive system breaks down nutrients from food.
b. The lungs work harder while a person is digesting their food.
c. The hormone insulin is released when blood sugar is too high.
d. The muscles are more active at the beginning of the day than at the end.
What is c. The hormone insulin is released when blood sugar is too high.
500
Chicken pox is caused by the varicella virus. A person is infected with the varicella virus, and a week later he is infected with the avian influenza virus, which causes the bird flu. What will happen to the person?
a. He will have symptoms of the chicken pox because he isn’t immune to the varicella virus.
b. He will not have symptoms of the chicken pox because he is immune to the avian influenza virus.
c. He will have symptoms of the bird flu because he isn’t immune to the avian influenza virus.
d. He will not have symptoms of the bird flu because he is immune to the avian influenza virus.
What is c. He will have symptoms of the bird flu because he isn’t immune to the avian influenza virus.
500
Why is a vaccine injected directly into the bloodstream?
a. So that the pathogen can contact macrophages in the blood.
b. So that memory cells can be formed more quickly.
c. So that the pathogen can pass the immune system’s general defenses.
d. So that the antigens can bind to killer T cells in the blood.
What is c. So that the pathogen can pass the immune system’s general defenses.
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