Digestive System
Where does digestion begin?
MOUTH
What organ is the most important muscle for pumping blood through the body?
HEART
What is the control center of the body?
BRAIN
What is the name of the body’s outer covering that includes skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands?
The Integumentary system.
How many muscles does the human body have (approximate)? How many bones does the adult human body have?
Bones: 206
What long muscular tube carries food from the mouth to the stomach?
Name 3 main type of blood vessels
Arteries, veins, capillaries.
What carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body?
NERVES
Name the three layers of the skin (top to bottom).
Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis.
Name two jobs bones do (other than giving shape).
Allow movement; protect organs; produce blood cells (via marrow).
What is the name of the liquid food becomes in the stomach?
CHYME
What part of the blood carries oxygen to cells? What part fights infection?
Red blood cells carry oxygen; white blood cells fight infection.
Name two senses or actions the nervous system helps us do
Feel sensations (touch, smell, hot, cold); move muscles; remember things; balance (any two).
List two functions of skin that help protect the body.
Protects from germs/injury; keeps water inside; helps control temperature; senses touch/heat/cold (any two).
How many muscles does the human body have (approximate) and name one fact about how muscles work with bones.
More than 600 muscles; muscles pull on bones to cause movement / muscles and bones work together (one fact).
Which organ is about 20 feet long in adults and is where most nutrients are absorbed?
SMALL INTESTINE
Briefly describe what capillaries do.
Capillaries are tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins and allow exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues.
Describe the role of the spinal cord in message transmission.
The spinal cord carries messages between the brain and body; it routes sensory information to the brain and motor commands back to muscles.
Explain how sweat glands help control body temperature.
Sweat glands make sweat; as sweat evaporates it cools the skin/body and also removes small amounts of waste.
Name a food type and the nutrient that helps bones stay strong?
Calcium
Calcium rich foods (e.g., dairy foods, dark green vegetables, cheese, etc)
Name two helper organs that aid digestion but do NOT have food pass through them, and give one job for each
Liver (makes bile to break down fats), Pancreas (produces digestive juices), Gallbladder (stores bile). (Any two with jobs.)
Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to deliver oxygen to body cells (short answer).
Lungs (respiratory) bring oxygen into blood; heart pumps oxygen-rich blood through arteries to cells; cells use oxygen; blood returns carbon dioxide to lungs to be exhaled.
Explain how nerves send messages to muscles to create movement (describe the basic sequence).
Sensory nerves detect signals (like touch), send impulses to the brain/spinal cord; the brain processes and sends motor impulses through motor nerves to muscles; muscles contract/relax to produce movement.
Give three ways students can keep their skin healthy (one food- or hygiene-related, one habit, one protective measure).
Eat nutritious foods (vitamin A/C, hydration), wash regularly/use sunscreen/wear protective clothing, avoid harmful chemicals/cover cuts.
Bone marrow does several things for the human body. Name one of them?
Bone marrow produces blood cells (white/red), and platelets.