Atomic Structure
what's contained inside the Nucleus of an atom?
Protons and Neutrons
True or false:
Elements in the same chemicals families have the same number of valence electrons
True
Is there an exception to the rule?
How might an atom gain a full valence shell full of electrons?
Other elements can achieve a full valence shell by gaining or losing electrons during a chemical reaction
•When a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes an ion
•Loses an electron: becomes positively charged ion
•Gains an electron: becomes a negatively charged ion
True or False :
The size of an atom increases if it has less electrons in the valence shell?
True
What is a valence shell?
the outer most energy shell
How many electrons can fit in the first and second energy shells?
First shell 2
Second shell 8
Why are noble gasses typically unreactive?
Noble gases are stable (unreactive) because they have full valence shells
•Their atoms do not tend to gain, lose, or share electrons
Draw the Bohr model of Lithium?
2 energy shells
3 electrons
1 valence electron
Chemistry symbol in center
True or Flase... The atomic size of an atom increases from left to right and top to bottom on the periodic table?
Why or why not?
False
Atomic size increases from right to left
and from top to bottom.
Because it has less electrons for the protons in the nucleus to pull on, or it has more energy shells the further down the periods it goes.
what is the nucleus?
the nucleus is the center most point of an atom and contains most of the mass of an atom as it contains the protons and neutrons
What is the electric charge of a proton, neutron and an electron?
Proton = Positive
Neutron = Neutral
Electron = Negative
How many occupied energy shells do atoms have that belong to Period 1, 2, and 3 respectively
Period 1: 1 energy shells
Period 2: 2 energy shells
Period 3: 3 energy shells
Draw the Ion for Sodium (Na)
2 energy shells
10 electrons: 8 valence electrons
1+ Ion charge
[Brackets]
I have 2 energy shells and 9 electrons
I am a neutral atom
What am I?
Draw me!
Fluorine
What is a Bohr diagram and what does it represent?
Bohr diagrams represent the electron arrangements of atoms using energy shells
Where is most of the mass of an atom held?
In the Nucleus
Groups 13, 14, 18 have how many valence electrons respectively?
Group 13: 3
Group 14: 4
Group 18: 8 (exception Helium only has 2)
Draw the Bohr model for Calcium (Ca)
4 energy shells
20 electrons (2 valence electrons)
Chemistry symbol (Ca) in center
Which atom is smaller
Magnesium (Mg) or Neon (N) ?
and why?
Neon is smaller because it is in a lower period number and it is further to the right than magnesium
What is a valence electron?
and how many valence electrons does Fluorine (F) have?
valence electrons: (electrons in the outermost occupied energy shell of an atom)
Fluorine has 7 valence electrons
Relative weight of a proton, neutron and electron?
1837
1
What element groups are the most reactive and why?
group 1 and 17
because they are just 1 electron gained or lost away from a full valence shell
Draw the Ion for Oxygen (O)
2 energy shells
10 electrons (8 valence electrons)
Brackets
Chemistry symbol (O) in center
2- charge labelled
Which atom is larger?
Lithium (Li) or Krypton (Kr) ?
Lithium
Describe what an Ion is ?
what 2 types are there?
Ions occur when a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, it becomes an ion
•Loses an electron: becomes positively charged ion
•Gains an electron: becomes a negatively charged ion