Bonds (General)
The type of electrons that participate in bonding is ________________ electrons.
Lewis dot diagrams represent ____________ electrons as dots around an element's _________________.
valence; symbol (chemical symbol or atomic symbol)
Define cation. Which type of element typically form cations?
A positively charged atom; metals
Ionic compounds are also known as _____________ and are ______________ at room temperature.
salts; solids
Samples of metals are made up of closely-packed _______________ rather than neutral atoms.
cations
Name the three known types of bonds.
What are Ionic, metallic, covalent
How many valence electrons does an atom of magnesium have?
2
Define anion. Which type of element typically forms anions?
A negatively charged atom; nonmetals
How are ions arranged in an ionic crystal?
In repeating 3D patterns of oppositely charged ions
Metal cations are arranged in a ____________ structure and are surrounded by a sea of _____________________.
crystalline; mobile (or delocalized) valence electrons
Define octet rule.
Atoms are typically most stable with 8 valence electrons.
Draw the Lewis dot diagram for nitrogen. How many unpaired electrons (i.e. bonding sites) are there?
3
When neutral atoms form ions, their new electron configurations mimic those of the _________________.
noble gases
melted or dissolved in water
Define metallic bond.
The attraction of the negatively charged free-floating valence electrons to the positively charged cations
A bond occurs in order to _______________ the atoms.
What is stabilize
Draw the Lewis dot bonding diagram for K+. How many dots does it have?
zero
( cations always have NO DOTS to represent the loss of the original valence shell)
Define electrostatic attraction.
The attractive force between oppositely charged particles.
Define oxidation number.
The superscript number that displays the charge of the atom.
Define alloy and provide an example.
A mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. Examples include sterling silver, brass, steel.
Define bond.
A lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of new substances with their own properties.
Draw the Lewis dot diagram for P-3. How many dots does it have?
(recall that anions always have 8 DOTS to represent that they fill their original valence shell)
Define ionic bond.
An electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions. (metals and nonmetals)
Ionic compounds tend to have ____________ melting and boiling points because
what is high
Based on metallic bonding theory, explain why metals tend to be malleable.
When pressure is applied to a sample of metal, the mobile electrons move with the cations. The electrons always remain between cations, buffering/minimizing repulsions.