Ionic Bonds
Bonding Theories
Properties
Intermolecular Forces
Covalent
100
Ho does an ionic bond form?
Transfer of electrons
100
What is VSEPR
Valence shell Electron Pair Repulsion
100
Which type of force/bond is the strongest?
force between anions (-) and cations (+). Ionic bond
100
List three intermolecular forces.
dipole-dipole H-bond London Dispersion
100
Where on the periodic table do you look to find elements that are frequently involved in covalent bonding.
right side - nonmetals
200
What kinds of elements are alway involved in forming an ionic bond?
metal and a nonmetal
200
Explain how VSEPR Theory is used to predict the shape of a molecule
atoms bonded to a central atom will assume a shape that minimizes their electron repulsions.
200
List two properties that are explained through weak attractive forces between the particles of the substance.
the the substance has an odor, is soft, has low melting point.
200
Which intermolecular force is weakest? Strongest?
weakest - London Dispersion Strongest - H-bond
200
What is the difference between a polar bond and a nonpolar bond? How is it possible for a molecule to be nonpolar if it contains polar bonds
polar bonds share electrons unequally nonpolar bonds share electrons equally. The shape of the molecule must be considered.
300
Explain what a lattice crystal is and what is it means to have high lattice energy.
it is an ionic compound made of cations and ions in a repeating pattern. The strength of the attractive forces is very strong.
300
Draw the Lewis Structure for each of the following. What is the shape of each of the following? GaH3, GeH4 and PCl3
trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal pyrimidal
300
What must be present in a solution in order for that solution to conduct electricity?
charged particles that are freely flowing
300
What 2 things must be true of molecules that have H-bonds between their molecules?
the molecules must have a hydrogen atom and a strongly EN atom (N,O,F) in them.
300
What type of bond will be between each of the following: F - Na, C - F, F - F, Predict whether CH3F will be polar of nonpolar?
F-Na is ionic, C-F polar covalent , F-F is nonpolar covalent CH3F will be polar due to the highly EN F atom that will be more greedy for the shared electrons creating a region of negative charge.
400
How can an ionic bond be explained using the concept of electronegativity?
One atom has low EN (a metal) and the other atom has high EN (a nonmetal)
400
How does hybridization explain how carbon can form 4 identical bonds in a tetrahedral?
a 2s electron is promoted to the 2p which opens 4 half filled orbitals (1 in the s and 3 in the p). These hybridize to form 4 identical sp3 hybridized orbitals.
400
Describe 5 properties that are characteristic of an ionic compound.
no odor, hard (rigid), high melting point, conducts electricity when dissolved in water (this is 2)
400
What is dipole? What kind of molecules have a dipole
a bond between 2 atoms where there is a slight + side and a slight - side. polar molecules have dipoles
400
What happens when when atoms overlap their orbitals?
atoms share electrons and fill their octets.
500
Illustrate how an ionic bond will form between Na and O
Na + O + Na -> Na+ O2- Na+ your drawing should have one dot around each Na and 6 dots around O
500
Why do the bond angles of CH4, NH3 and H2O differ?
no unshared pairs of electrons on C in CH4 so bond angle is 109 degrees. One unshared pair on N in NH3 so the 3 H atoms are pushed to a 107 degree angle. 2 unshared pairs on O in H2O so it has the most push to 105 degrees. Unshared electron pairs take up a large electron domain.
500
Make a prediction: Will KCl have a high or low melting point? How do you know?
high, made of a metal and a nonmetal so is ionic. Ionic compounds have high melting points.
500
Explain how a London Dispersion Force forms.
Dispersion Force results from a temporary dipole on one atom and an induced dipole on another. Found between all molecules.
500
How does nitrogen satisfy the octet rule by forming molecules of N2? Why are nitrogen atoms used in explosives?
N atoms have 5 valence electrons. Each N atom shares 3 electrons with the other forming a triple bond. When an explosive detonates, N atoms are released and will be able to combine with other freed N atoms to form molecules with a triple bond.
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