Remodeling
Bone remodeling occurs at
What is the periosteum and endosteum?
Growth in length
What is longitudinal?
When calcium levels are ____ the (parathyroid) gland releases PTH. This (stimulates) osteoclasts to (break down) the bone and release calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream.
What is Low?
Not all the way through
What is a Partial Fracture?
Two pieces of bone are not aligned must realign to heal fracture
What is a Displaced Fracture?
Osteocytes produce a matrix devoid of minerals, called the osteoid seam (no minerals). Calcium and phosphate ions move into osteoid seam and they undergo chemical reactions to form hydroxyapatites (salt). Catalyzes crystallization of calcium salts in the area
What is Bone Deposition?
Growth in width
What is Appositional?
When calcium levels are ____ the (thyroid) gland can secrete calcitonin. This (inhibits) osteroclasts and stimulates calcium deposition into bones(to activate osteoblasts
What is High?
Break all the way through
What is a Complete Fracture?
Bones broken from twisting
What is a Spiral Fracture?
Certain cells activate the osteoclasts to release enzymes they contain in vesicles within their cell. Enzymes digest the matrix. Osteoclasts also secrete HCl, which is a (strong) acid that lowers the pH and converts calcium salts to a soluble form out of the osteoid. Digested matrix and dissolved minerals are released on the outside of the bone into interstitial fluid on the (non-bone) side of osteoclast. Eventually enter the bloodstream
What is Bone Reabsorption?
1. Occurs at the epiphyseal plate.
2. Cells on the diaphyseal side divide and push the plate away from the epiphyseal of the long bone.
3. As the new cells are being put down, the older cells near the center are going to calcify and die
4. This will form the spongy bone.
5. Osteoclasts digest the spongy bone to lengthen the medullary cavity, and remodel it into compact bone.
What are the 5 steps of Longitudinal Growth?
A secretion from the pituitary gland which stimulates growth, specifically of bone and muscle.
What is Growth Hormone?
Does NOT protrude through skin
What is Simple Fracture?
One bone is pushed or driven forcefully into another
What is an Impacted Fracture?
suppose Bobby has a condition in which his osteoclasts are unable to produce HCl to the capacity that normally functioning cells do. The process that this most dramatically impacts is
What is Bone Resorption? -- HCL lowers the pH of the bone to produce an environment for calcium salts to be released from the bone
1. osteoblasts on the bone side of the periosteum deposit bone on (external) surface.
2. osteoclasts on the endosteal surface remove bone.
3. Marrow cavity enlarges
What are the 3 steps of Appositional Growth?
Causes closure/diminishing of the epiphyseal plate.
What is Testosterone and Estrogen?
Protrudes through the skin
What is a Compound Fracture?
Break due to disease
What is a Pathological Fracture?
Put extra mineral into bone to store it
What is Osteoblasts?
Widening of bone by osteoblast deposition on the periosteal surface and osteoclast activity in the endosteal surface
What is the best description for Appositional Bone Growth?
Determine the location of hormonal influence
What is Stressers?
Bone is splintered from blunt force trauma
What is a Comminuted Fracture?
One side is bend and other is broken (most common in children)
What is a Greenstick Fracture?