Bone Structure
Bone Cells
Ossification and Bone Growth
Clinical Connections
Miscellaneous Challenge
100
This is an example of a ______ bone.
What is a flat bone?
100
This term refers to the process of bone tissue formation.
What is ossification or osteogenesis?
100
This type of fracture occurs when the bone ends are out of normal alignment.
What is a displaced fracture?
100
This structure is found within the diaphysis of long bones. It contains yellow bone marrow in adults and is the primary storage for fat.
What is the medullary cavity?
200
This tubular shaft forms the long axis of a bone and is filled with yellow bone marrow.
What is the diaphysis?
200
These bone-building cells secrete a matrix of collagen and ground substance called an osteoid.
What are osteoblasts?
200
This type of growth is responsible for the lengthening of long bones at the epiphyseal growth plate.
What is interstitial growth?
200
This disease occurs when osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity, leading to fragile bones.
What is osteoporosis?
200
This law states that bones grow or remodel in response to the stress placed on them.
What is Wolf's law?
300
This dense outer layer of bone appears smooth and solid.
What is compact bone?
300
These giant, multinucleate cells are responsible for the break down and resorption of bone.
What are osteoclasts?
300
This type of growth where bones increase in width/thickness can happen throughout life in response to stress or weight gain.
What is appositional growth?
300
This condition often caused by vitamin D deficiency results in poorly mineralized bones, leading to soft, weak bones.
What is osteomalacia?
300
This layer of bone covers external surfaces except for the joints and consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner osteogenic layer.
What is the periosteum?
400
An example of this type of bone is the patella.
What is a sesamoid bone?
400
These mature bone cells sit in their lacunae and are responsible for maintaining their matrix, and therefore bone.
What are osteocytes?
400
Most bones except for the clavicles and skull bones are formed through this process during fetal development using a hyaline cartilage model.
What is endochondral ossification?
400
This type of fracture occurs when the skin is penetrated by the bone.
What is an open fracture?
400
This hormone, secreted by bones, helps regulate insulin secretion, glucose levels, and metabolism.
What is osteocalcin?
500
These are the concentric rings on bone matrix found within an osteon.
What are lamellae?
500
These stem cells in the periosteum and endosteum can differentiate into osteoblasts.
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
500
This bone forming process begins within fibrous connective tissue to form bones like the frontal and parietal bones and the clavicles.
What is intramembranous ossification?
500
This type of fracture occurs when the bone is not broken all the way through.
What is an incomplete fracture?
500
In this stage of interstitial growth, new cartilage cells are rapidly dividing on the epiphyseal side of the growth plate, pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis.
What is the proliferation (growth) zone?