Bone Basics
The shaft of a long bone is called this.
What is the diaphysis?
These cells build new bone.
What are osteoblasts?
Remodeling occurs at sites called basic multicellular units, involving these two cell types.
What are osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
The ends of long bones are called this.
What are epiphyses?
The process of bone formation.
What is ossification (or osteogenesis)?
The strong, dense outer layer of bone is called this.
What is compact bone?
These cells break down bone tissue.
What are osteoclasts?
Weight-bearing exercise primarily stimulates this type of bone cell.
What are osteoblasts?
The central canal of an osteon contains these two essentials.
What are blood vessels and nerves?
The growth plate, where bone lengthening occurs, is formally called this.
What is the epiphyseal plate?
Bones are classified into four shapes. Name all four.
What are long, short, flat, and irregular bones?
Mature bone cells that maintain bone matrix are called this.
What are osteocytes?
Bone responds to stress by becoming stronger—this principle explains it.
What is Wolff’s Law?
The repeating structural unit of compact bone.
What is an osteon (or Haversian system)?
Once growth stops, the epiphyseal plate is replaced with this structure.
What is the epiphyseal line?
This is the main mineral stored in bones.
What is calcium?
Osteocytes communicate with each other through tiny canals called ____.
What are canaliculi?
The hormone that raises blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts.
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
The thin plates of spongy bone are called this.
What are trabeculae?
The type of cartilage that covers the ends of bones at joints.
What is articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)?
This type of marrow is responsible for blood cell formation.
What is red bone marrow?
These bone stem cells can differentiate into osteoblasts.
What are osteoprogenitor cells?
This vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines, indirectly influencing bone remodeling.
What is vitamin D?
The thin connective tissue covering the internal bone surfaces.
What is the endosteum?
The place where two or more bones meet.
What is a joint (or articulation)?