Cartilage
These cells are located within the lacunae of cartilage.
What are chondrocytes?
Thicker bones of the lower limbs provide this function to the trunk and upper body.
What is support?
This is the smooth, dense outer layer of bone that looks smooth and solid to the naked eye.
What is compact bone?
These bone-forming cells secrete bone matrix.
What are osteoblasts?
These cells are located in lacunae and have projections that run through canaliculi to move substances through compact bone by diffusion.
What are osteocytes?
This type of cartilage connects the ribs to the sternum.
What are the costal cartilages? (hyaline)
These three bony structures provide protection for the brain, heart, lungs and spinal column.
What are the skull, ribs and vertebrae?
These are the small, needle-like pieces that make up spongy bone.
What are trabeculae?
These layers, just deep to the periosteum, extend around the entire edge of the diaphysis and effectively resist twisting of the long bone.
What are the circumferential lamellae?
These cells have a ruffled border and are responsible for resorbing bone.
What are osteoclasts?
This flap, made of elastic cartilage, bends to cover the opening of the larynx each time we swallow.
What is the epiglottis?
This term describes the process of blood cell formation.
What is hematopoiesis?
This space in the center of long bones is filled with fat in adults.
What is the medullary cavity?
These small passageways between osteocytes allow them to communicate and move nutrients and wastes between them.
What are canaliculi?
Hydroxyapatites, or mineral salts, are responsible for imparting this characteristic to bone.
What is bone's hardness?
This type of cartilage is highly compressible with great tensile strength, and can withstand great pressure.
What is fibrocartilage?
Blood cell formation occurs within these spaces.
What are red marrow or medullary cavities?
This outer layer of bone provides anchoring points for tendons and ligaments.
What is the periosteum?
These mitotically active stem cells, found in periosteum and endosteum, can differentiate into osteoblasts when stimulated.
What are osteogenic cells?
This substance--the organic part of the bone matrix--is made of ground substance and collagen fibers.
What is osteoid?
The most abundant cartilage provides support with flexibility and resistance.
What is hyaline cartilage?
Bone stores many minerals. Which two are most important among them?
What are calcium and phosphate?
In adults, there are two locations within long bones and two within flat bones that are responsible for blood cell production. Name two of these locations.
What are the heads of the femur and humerus, or the diploe of flat bones like the sternum or irregular bones like the hip bone.
This structure, with it's layers of collagen fibers running in different directions, is designed to resist twisting. It can be called a "twister resister."
What is an osteon?
Bone's resilience comes from these types of bonds between collagen fibers that stretch and break easily on impact, but that often reform afterwards.
What are sacrificial bonds?