Structure
other
100
Long bones (ex. femur):
structure?
epiphysis and diaphysis meaning?
Structure--compact bone outside, spongy at the tips, marrow inside
Epiphysis--End of bone
Diaphysis--Shaft of bone
100
Bone Cells
Types of bone cells (know their functions)
Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteogenic cells-stem cells, only cells capable of dividing and producing more bone cells
Osteoblasts-bone-building cells to make bone (osteogenesis)
Osteocytes-embedded in matrix
Osteoclasts- bone dissolving cell
200
Flat bones (ex. cranium)
structure?
2 layers of compact bone on outside, spongy bone on inside
diploe-Spongy layer in cranium
200
Bone Marrow (soft tissue)
Red bone marrow (produces red bone marrow/blood)
Yellow bone marrow (store fat, does not produce blood, expect if anemic )
300
Short bones (ex. wrist and ankle)
- Structure: These bones often have a cube shape, and primarily comprise spongy bone, except for the thin outer surface made up of a layer of compact bone.
300
Bone Development-ossification or osteogenesis
2 types
def: formation of bone
Intramembranous ossification (ex. flat bones of skull, clavicle, mandible)- develops from pre-bone
endochondral ossification (ex. most bones)-develops from pre-existing hyaline cartilage
400
Compact Bone
Osteon
structure: lamellae, central canal, canaliculi, nutrient foramina-
Diaphysis
400
Bone Disorders/Diseases
Fractures
Osteopenia
Osteoporosis
Osteosarcoma
Fractures-
- Stress fracture- break caused by abnormal trauma to bone
- Pathological fracture- break in a bone that has already been weakened by some other disease (bone cancer or osteoporosis)
Osteopenia-decline in bone density; fracture risk increases
Osteoporosis-sever bone loss, fracture risk high, spinal deformity
Osteosarcoma-bone cancer
500
Spongy Bone
structure: spicules, trabeculae
500
Bone growth and Remodeling
- Bone grow in length and width
- Epiphyseal plate- present at 1 or both ends of a long bone. Transition region between cartilage and bone
- Growth zone- increases in height
- Once the epiphyses have closed in the lower limbs, a person can grow no taller