Bone Basics
These are the organs of the skeletal system.
What are bones?
The process of creating new blood cells in marrow.
What is hematopoiesis?
The shaft of a long bone.
What is the diaphysis?
Compact bone is made of these cylindrical units.
Osteons
This color of marrow produces blood cells.
What is red marrow?
The skeletal system is divided into these two main parts.
What are the axial and appendicular skeletons?
The soft tissue removed from a donor’s spongy bone in a marrow transplant.
What is red marrow?
The expanded ends of a long bone.
What are the epiphyses?
Mature bone cells that live in lacunae.
What are osteocytes?
As humans age, most red marrow is gradually replaced by this type of marrow.
What is yellow marrow?
These two functions of bones help the body stay upright and defend internal organs.
What are support and protection?
Transplants using a patient’s own stem cells to avoid rejection.
What are autologous stem cell transplants?
This tough membrane covers the outer surface of bones.
What is the periosteum?
These tiny passageways allow osteocytes to exchange nutrients and waste.
What are canaliculi?
Bone growth in length occurs at this cartilage band.
What is the epiphyseal plate?
This process occurs in bone marrow and creates blood cells.
What is hematopoiesis?
A serious condition where donor cells attack the recipient’s body.
What is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
This structure lines the medullary cavity.
What is the endosteum?
This protein gives bone flexibility and resilience.
What is collagen?
Bones that develop between sheets of connective tissue form through this process.
What is intramembranous ossification?
Besides bone tissue, name two other tissues found in bones.
What are cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood, or nervous tissue? (any two)
This type of stem cell is least likely to trigger immune rejection during a transplant.
What are umbilical cord stem cells?
These small, branching plates make up spongy bone.
What are trabeculae?
This mineral, forming crystals of hydroxyapatite, makes bones hard.
What is calcium phosphate?
Bones that form from hyaline cartilage models use this process.
What is endochondral ossification?